Self Esteem, By Morris Rosenberg - 1805 Words

Self-esteem can be viewed as the way a person values themself, like the attitude felt towards the self. This can be how an individual feels towards themselvesf, what they know about themselvesf and how they behave towards themselvesf which can be positive, negative or neutral. Self-esteem is an aspect of self-concept which is a general perception of how one sees themself (Mahendran, 2015). To compare and contrast self-help and psychological approaches to self-esteem, the Morris Rosenberg’s Self-esteem scale (RSES) which is a psychological approach will be discussed together with three self-help approaches; Branden’s self-help books, the Dove Self-esteem project and the Rainbow project which will be examined with examples of theory and application . To begin with each approach will be discussed followed by a discussion of the similarities and differences of each in order to discover how they compare and contrast. A psychological approach to self-esteem is the Morris Rosenberg’s Self-esteem scale (RSES) which was developed in 1965 by Rosenberg based on high school students in New York (Rosenberg 1965 cited in Mahendran, 2015). , iIt is now the leading self-esteem measurement around the world. The RSES is a closed-response questionnaire with ten statements, five positive and five negative. Respondents must answer in agreement or disagreement to the statements that have cognitive and affective components, it also contains items that requires the respondent to compareShow MoreRelatedCorrelation Between Self Esteem And Healthy Individuals996 Words   |  4 Pageshave not yet begun to explore the individual’s self-esteem. As has already been discussed, the research relating to CNM relationships has provided a plethora of information supporting healthy relationships and healthy individuals. The next step is to explore the self-esteem of these CNM individuals. Therefore, the purpos e of this research proposal is to explore correlations between self-esteem scores on the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1989) with relationship choice, including polyamoryRead MoreCommunity College Students At Professor Keo Trang s Psychology Classes1578 Words   |  7 Pagesconsent forms described to participants why the study was being done, as well as their compensation for completing the study. On the top of each page were directions on how to complete each of the given surveys. For each questionnaire participants self-reported their levels of the variables being studied. Participants of this study completed three different surveys and were able to ask any questions they had after they had completed them. Participants were told that all of their results from theRead MoreThe Identification Of Self Esteem1260 Words   |  6 PagesStates 85% of people suffer from low self-esteem. This means that many of us are consumed by fear of failure, fail more often than not, tend t o procrastinate, feel unfulfilled, frustrated, angry, unloved, unlovable, nervous or shy, are indecisive, suffer from many other uncomfortable feelings that prevent us from our realizing full potential. In order to cure this illness, we must first know the cause and where it originated. The identification of self-esteem as a part of psychology thought to haveRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Body Image1663 Words   |  7 PagesThere is a correlation between specific emotions including envy and shame that stem from social networking use that lead to social comparison (Lim Yang, 2015). Research conducted using the Body Checking Scale (Hildebrandt et al., 2010), Self Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965), Body Surveillance Scale (McKinley Hyde, 1996), and the Physical Appearance Comparison Scale (Thompson et al., 1991) will support the postulation that social comparison levels are higher in college-aged women who use Twitter specificallyRead MoreInvestigating the Way in Which Two Young Individuals Make Self-Descriptions1813 Words   |  8 PagesMake Self-Descriptions This study aims to investigate the way in which two young individuals make self-descriptions and how these may change with age in the context of the findings of Morris Rosenberg’s (1979). Abstract Rosenberg claimed that on the basis of his research younger individuals tended to describe themselves more so on a physical basis whereas; older individuals used character and/or relationship traits to describe the self. Rosenberg arguedRead MoreThe Study Of Body Image1572 Words   |  7 Pageswhich the child becomes an individual respecting his or her laws, norms and customs (Vuorinen Tuunala, 1997, p. 45). Gender socialization focuses on how children of different sexes are socialized in to their gender roles (Giddens, 1993, p. 165; Morris, 1988; Crespi, 2003) . Four major socialization agents have been defined: family, education, peer group, and mass media. B: Body image is socially constructed: In medicine, human body is viewed as a biological entity made of several organs, eachRead MoreSocial Media Versus The Teenage Mind1748 Words   |  7 Pagesteenager’s physical, psychological, and social development and can lead to cyberbullying. The teenage years are an important part of developing a self-identity. These years are when children began to separate themselves from their parents and form an individual identity of who they are and how they want to be perceived by society. Famed sociologist Morris Rosenberg found that â€Å"identity construction involves both identity announcement and identity placement† (Mehdizadeh 357). In the real world, an individualRead MoreSelf-esteem and its effects on the academic performance of students2941 Words   |  12 PagesSelf-Esteem and Academic Performance of Academia de Sophia International Junior High School Students Stephen Job M. Rimando TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Title Page †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1 Acknowledgment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 Table of Contents †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 List of Figures †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 List of Tables †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreRelationship Between Self Esteem And Facebook1780 Words   |  8 PagesThe experiment aimed to assess the relationship between self-esteem and Facebook usage which was measured by three variables (Average time spent in minutes per day, average number of Facebook friends and emotional attachment to Facebook). The experiment hypothesised that relationship between self-esteem and the three Facebook variables would be found; the study also proposed that gender would have an effect across all variables. 80 university students (36 males, 44 females) were recruited via opportunityRead MoreThe Relationship Between Personality Types, Test Anxiety and Self-Esteem with Regards to Academic Achievement2988 Words   |  12 PagesTypes, T est Anxiety and Self-Esteem with regards to Academic Achievement This study was performed to determine if there is a relationship between personality type, test anxiety, self-esteem and academic achievement, which was measured by the students GPA. The study was conducted at a university in Indiana using undergraduatevolunteers. The study used a scale from the MBTI to help determine personality types (introvert or extrovert), also Rosenberg’s 10 - item scale for self-esteem, and Spielberger’s

The Supply and Demand of Energy and Oil - 2866 Words

Thomas Edison invented the light bulb in 1879. The first oil well was drilled in Pennsylvania in 1859. Since those two historic discoveries, technology and industry have exponentially grown to a point of absolute necessity today. The requirement of energy and oil throughout the world grows with advancement. As developed countries, like the United States, Japan, China, and Canada, progress and grow in population, more demands for energy and fuel are created. Likewise, as less advanced countries bring themselves into the global economy, they will also have increased energy and oil demands. So then the question begs, where are the resources for these demands coming from and what options will there be for future demands? Given current needs†¦show more content†¦Perceived standards of living will be reduced by lowering thermostats in winter and raising them in the summer. People will reconsider how necessary it is to drive somewhere or buy products affected by the rising oil pric es. For example, family trips that had previously been planned for farther away destinations now may be planned for local amusements to cut down on travel cost. This would then have an impact on tourism. Consumers see the influence of oil prices on goods as well. At the grocery store, produce has become more expensive due to shipping costs. This may in turn persuade people to buy more locally grown produce or find substitute foods for what they wanted. This will impact imports from other countries and especially farmers within our own country, since a large part of our agricultural consumption comes from within the United States. These occurrences will have a considerable impact on the economy locally, nationally, and internationally. As energy prices inflate, people will be less willing or able to spend in general because their incomes are not inflating at the same rate, which consequently weakens the national economy. Because the U.S. economy is one of the biggest influences on in ternational economics, this increase in oil price has a ripple effect world-wide. For other countries, the effect of the weakened U.S. economy is combining with similar internally felt economic instabilities, causing economic woesShow MoreRelatedAddicted to Oil1208 Words   |  5 PagesAddicted To Oil The United States uses nearly a quarter of the world’s oil. This would not be a problem if the U.S. had a large oil reserve but it only has 3% of the world’s reserves for 4% of the population (Pickens). This huge dependence on oil is costing us economically and also threatens our dreams. The United States needs to become more energy independent by using sources other than oil. Many alternative sources are available but renewable sources provide the brightest future. Read MoreDemand And Supply Of Oil Prices1152 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Crude Oil Industry is central to United State, its future and the world economy. Demand and Supply fundamentals have traditionally determined the price of crude oil. New price drivers have emerged with time. Complexity is on an increase in the oil market, having impact on the oil prices with a variety of factors. The fluctuation of oil price has reached an unprecedented level, with the world crude oil price widely swinging per barrel over the months. The prices reflect the crude oil price swingsRead MoreMacro Economics - Oil and Gas1681 Words   |  7 PagesReagan Moore Martinez Macro Economics June 30, 2013 Oil and Gasoline Prices in the US Oil and gasoline prices follow a trend that sparks mixed reactions from different industry stakeholders in the America’s economy. The trends on oil and gasoline and their stability have immense impact on the performance of the economy based on their primary as energy. The government’s ability to ensure stability in price movement is seen as a key step towards fostering steady economic growth. A varietyRead MoreThe Price Of Crude Oil Essay1075 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract The price of crude oil has experienced a sharp decline since June, 2015. The stunning fall in oil prices has been one of the most important global macro-economic developments of the past 20 months. There are numerous factors that have contributed to the oil price crash and the downturn of the oil and gas industry. These factors would further be discussed in this paper . â€Æ' Causes of Oil Price Crash in Recent Times The oil industry is full of economic booms and busts. Recently, the industryRead MoreExxon Mobil And Mobil Corporation1224 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican multinational oil and gas corporation headquartered in Irving, Texas, United States. Exon Mobil is an industry leader in almost every aspect of the energy and petrochemical business, they operate facilities or market products in most of the world’s countries and explore for oil and natural gas on six continents. Worldwide, ExxonMobil markets fuels and lubricants under three brands: Exxon, Esso, and Mobil. Exxon Mobil Corp. was formed in 1999 by the merger of two major oil companies, Exxon andRead MoreOrganization Of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries1140 Words   |  5 Pagesreason for this topic is because of how valuable oil is to the world and how much we are depended on it. For the Middle East, the â€Å"majority of economic growth and stability depends upon the natural resource of oil.† (Satterlee, B. C. 2014). However, there is always a conflict and partnership concerns for nations not in the region as the world dependency on this natural resource is only increasing. Explanation The Middle East is a major source of oil which the world depends upon for now and futureRead MoreThe Critical Value Of Crude Oil1681 Words   |  7 Pages Final Project: Forecasting – Crude Oil The Critical Value of Crude Oil Prices Oil is the world economy’s most important source of energy and is therefore critical to economic growth. At its most basic level, the supply of crude oil is determined by the ability of oil companies to extract reserves from the ground and distribute them around the world. Its value is driven by demand for refined petroleum products, particularly in the transportation sector. Petroleum products power virtuallyRead MoreIs Oil A Blessing Or A Curse?1521 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Is oil a blessing or a curse? This report will be focusing on the above question to determine how both the rise and fall in the prices of oil has affected the aggregate demand and aggregate supply of a nation that relies solely on oil for its revenue. The report would clearly shows the Aggregate Demand (AD) Curve in respect to its effects on the oil-exporting nation, United Kingdom. The cause of oil prices drop and impacts of the economy due to shift of the AD and will demonstrateRead MoreSupply and Demand - Example of Oil Price1384 Words   |  6 PagesOF ECONOMICS Assignment Group members Nguyen Dat Anh Ho Ngoc Son Nguyen Thai Ha Nguyen Thi Huyen Trang Luyen Trung Kien Article’s link: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7048600.stm Wednesday, 2 January 2008, 22:36 GMT What is driving oil prices so high? Oil prices have hit a record high at $100 a barrel. Prices have doubled from the rates seen in January 2007 and more than quadrupled since 2002. What factors are causing this unremitting increase and what are the likely consequences for consumersRead MoreThe Core Concepts Of Economics1241 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The two factors Demand and Supply are the core concepts of economics. Demand states the quantity of a product one requires to fulfill his needs at particular price stand. On the other hand supply refers market offering of a product at specific price level. There are numerous constituents that affect the Demand of a product. For example Price, availability of alternative products in market, price of the alternative products, buyers’ income, buyers’ purchasing power parity, number of

Grean City Clean City Free Essays

HARYANA STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION BAYS NO. 67-70, SECTOR-2, PANCHKULA-134151 Advt. No. We will write a custom essay sample on Grean City Clean City or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2 / 2011 Date of publication: 06. 12. 2011 Closing date for receipt of applications in the Commission’s office: 07. 01. 2012 Applications are invited through registered post for the under mentioned posts on the prescribed application form, the format of which is given at the end. The candidates are advised to strictly use this format of the application form only otherwise their application will be rejected. The format given at the end should be photocopied (enlarged) on a thick paper. A cut out from the newspaper should not be used. The number of posts given below is liable to variation. The candidate should specify on the top of the envelope the word- Advt. No. , Name and category of the post applied for:DETAILS OF POSTS AND QUALIFICATIONS DIRECTOR, LAND RECORDS HARYANA Cat. No. 1 1002 posts of Patwari Candidates (GEN=426, SC=162, BCA=128, BCB=68, ESM GEN=71, ESM SC=21, ESM BCB=29, OSP GEN=8, OSP SC=18, OSP BCA=11, Ortho=29) E. Q. ESM BCA=21, OSP BCB=10, PHC i) Graduate or its equivalent examination of a recognized University; ii) Hindi/Sanskrit upto Matric standard. ii) Qualify the Patwar examination as prescribed in Appendix E on the basis of syllabus given in Appendix F to these rules after attending the patwar school for minimum period of one year and after passing the examination undergoes such practical field training for a period of six months as may be specified by the Director. 17-40 years ` 5200-20200+ ` 2400/- Grade Pay Age Pay Scale REGISTRAR COOPERAT IVE SOCIETIES HARYANA Cat. No. 2 120 posts of Sub Inspector (General Line) (GEN=49, SC=19, BCA=16, BCB=10, ESM GEN=8, ESM SC=4, ESM BCA=2, ESM BCB=2, OSP GEN=1, OSP SC=1, OSP BCA=1, OSP BCB=1, PHC Ortho=6) E. Q. i) Matriculation of a recognized University or Board or having equivalent qualification. ii) Hindi / Sanskrit upto Matric standard. Preference will be given to a candidate who has passed the training class from recognized cooperative training institute/Centre. Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 3 17-40 years ` 5200-20200+ ` 1900/- Grade Pay 66 posts of Sub Inspector (Audit) (GEN=29, SC=12, BCA=6, BCB=6, ESM GEN=3, ESM SC=1, ESM BCA=4, OSP BCA=1, OSP BCB=1, PHC Ortho=1) E. Q. i) Atleast B. A. with Economics or B. Com of a recognized University. i) Hindi / Sanskrit upto Matric standard. Preference will be given to a candidate who has passed the training class from a recognized cooperative training institute/Centre. 17-40 years ` 5200-20200+ ` 1900/- Grade Pay ESM BCB=2, Age Pay Scale HARYANA STATE COOPERATIVE SUPPLY AND MARKETING FEDERATION LIMITED (Hafed) Cat. No. 4 99 posts of Field Inspector (Store) time), BCA=12, BCB=9, (GEN=39, SC=22 (including 5 posts 2nd nd ESM GEN=7, (including 1 post 2 time), ESM SC=1, ESM BCA=2, ESM BCB=2, OSP GEN=1, OSP SC=1, OSP BCA=1, OSP BCB=1, PHC Ortho=1) E. Q. ) Graduate from recognized University. ii) Minimum one year diploma in computer from recognized University/ Institution. iii) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. 18-40 years ` 5200-20200+ ` 2400/- Grade Pay 2 posts of Technical officer (Storage) (GEN=1, SC=1) E. Q. i) B. Sc. (Hons. ) in Agriculture with Entomology / Plant Pathology as major subject. ii) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. 18-40 years ` 9300-34800+ ` 3600/- Grade Pay 37 posts of Accountant ‘C’ Grade (GEN=18, SC=6, BCB=2, ESM GEN=6, ESM SC=1,ESM BCB=2, OSP SC=1, BCB=1) E. Q. i) B. Com from a recognized University. ii) 2 years experience in accounts keeping in commercial concern of repute. iii) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. Preference will be given to candidates having one year diploma in computer application from a recognized University. 18-40 years ` 5200-20200+ ` 2400/- Grade Pay OSP Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 5 Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 6 Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 7 6 posts of Manager (Rice Mills) (GEN=4, SC=1, BCA=1) E. Q. i) Diploma in Mech. Engineering with 3 years experience of Rice Mills or any Food Processing Industries. i) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. 18-40 years ` 9300-34800+ ` 3300/- Grade Pay 2 posts of Programmer/AGM Programming (GEN=1, SC=1) Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 8 E. Q. Age Pay Scale i) 1st Class BE/B. Tech. in Computer Science having one year experience as Programmer. ii) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. 18-40 years ` 9300-34800+ ` 4200/- Grade Pay Cat. No. 9 6 posts of Marketing Officer (GEN=4, SC=1, BCA=1) E. Q. i) MBA (Spl. in Mkg. ) from a recognized University or Institute with Graduation and 1 year experience in Marketing. Out of the 4 posts in General category preference on the 2 posts will be given to those candidates meeting all the basic qualification who are 1st Class B. Sc. Agriculture or 2nd Class M. Sc. Agriculture. ii) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 10 18-40 years ` 9300-34800+ ` 3600/- Grade Pay 1 post of Draftsman (for S. C. category) E. Q. i) Diploma in Draftsmanship with 2 years experience. ii) Computer knowledge of CAD/CAM and certificate/diploma in Computer fundamental application of atleast six months from recognized Institution of State/ Central Government. ii) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. Age Pay Scale 18-40 years ` 9300-34800+ ` 3200/- Grade Pay HARYANA POWER GENERATION CORPORATION LIMITED (HPGCL) Cat. No. 11 16 posts of Analyst (GEN=7, SC=3, BCA=3, BCB=1, ESM GEN=1, ESM BCB=1) E. Q. i) B. Sc. (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics) 2nd Class without any experience. ii) Hindi / Sanskrit upto Matric standard. Age Pay Scale 18-40 years ` 5200-20200+ ` 2900/- Grade Pay HARYANA STATE INDUSTRIAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION LIMITED. Cat. No. 12 30 posts of Assistant (GEN=14, SC=4, BCA=3, BCB=2, ESM GEN=2, ESM SC=1, ESM BCA=1, OSP BCA=1, PHC Ortho=1) E. Q. ESM BCB=1, i) Graduate (at least 2nd Division) possessing relevant experience at least 5 years in a Corporate environment. ii) Hindi / Sanskrit upto Matric standard. Age Pay Scale 18-40 years ` 9300-34800 + ` 3200/- Grade Pay Cat. No. 13 30 posts of Stenographer Grade-II (GEN=11, SC=6, BCA=3, BCB=3, ESM GEN=2, ESM SC=1, ESM BCA=1, OSP BCA=1, PHC Blind/ Low Vision=1) ESM BCB=1, E. Q. i) Graduate (2nd Division) with English Shorthand/ typewriting speed at 100/40 w. p. m. respectively with 5 years relevant experience should have proficiency use of computer i. e. orking knowledge of MS Office, Dbase/separate sheet. ii) Hindi / Sanskrit upto Matric standard. 18-40 years ` 5200-20200 + ` 2400/- Grade Pay Age Pay Scale IRRIGATION DEPARTMENT Cat. No. 14 145 posts of Tracer (GEN=63, SC=24, BCA=17, BCB=10, ESM GEN=10, ESM SC=3, ESM BCA=4, ESM BCB=4, OSP GEN=1, OSP SC=2, OSP BCA=2, OSP BCB=1, PHC Blind/ Low Vision=2, PHC hearing impairment=1, PHC Ortho=1) E. Q. i) Matriculation or school lea ving certificate examination of a recognized University or Board or its equivalent with drawing as a subject or experience in tracing work. i) Hindi / Sanskrit upto Matric standard. Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 15 E. Q. Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 16 17-40 years ` 5200-20200 + ` 2000/- Grade Pay 23 posts of Accounts Clerk (GEN=12, SC=3, BCA=2, BCB=2, ESM GEN=2, ESM SC=1, ESM BCA=1) i) B. Com or its equivalent. ii) Hindi / Sanskrit upto Matric standard. 17-40 years ` 9300-34800+ ` 3200 Grade Pay 37 posts of Sub Divisional Clerk (GEN=17, SC=5, BCA=3, BCB=3, ESM GEN=3, ESM SC=1, ESM BCA=1, OSP SC=1, OSP BCA=1, PHC Ortho=1) E. Q. Age Pay Scale i) B. A. or its equivalent ii) Hindi / Sanskrit upto Matric standard. 7-40 years ` 5200-20200+ ` 2400 Grade Pay ESM BCB=1, INFORMATION, PUBLIC RELATIONS CULTURAL AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT HARYANA Cat. No. 17 E. Q. 2 posts of Stage Performer Grade-II (GEN=1, SC=1) i) Middle with Hindi from a recognized Board or its equivalent. ii) Good stage personality and profici ency in any one or more of the art viz acting, dancing or singing. iii) Two years experience of performance as Actor, Singer or Dancer in the different production. iv) Knowledge of various aspects of acting, dancing or singing. PREFERENTIAL: i) Diploma or equivalent specialized training in acting, singing or dancing from a recognized institution. ii) Matriculation/Higher Secondary Part-I from a recognized University/ Board or its equivalent. 17-40 years ` 9300-34800+ ` 3200 Grade Pay 1 post of Artist (for BCA category) i) Four years Degree/ Diploma in Commercial Art/ Applied Art or its equivalent from a recognized University/Institute. Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 18 E. Q. ii) Hindi / Sanskrit upto Matric standard. iii) One year experience in the line. Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 19 E. Q. 17-40 years ` 9300-34800+ ` 3300 Grade Pay 1 post of Photographer (for SC category) i) Matric from a recognized University or its equivalent. ii) Hindi / Sanskrit upto Matric standard. iii) Diploma or Certificate in Photography from a recognized Institute, or five years Degree/ Diploma in Commercial Art/Applied Art with Photography as elective subject from a recognized University/ Institute. Preferential : Ability to handle a movie camera. 17-40 years ` 9300-34800+ ` 3200 Grade Pay + ` 100 spl. ay 1 post of Fitter (for General category) i) Certificate course in Fitter Trade from a recognized Institute. ii) Adequate knowledge of Hindi/ Sanskrit iii) One year experience in the trade. 17-40 years ` 5200-20200+ ` 1900 Grade Pay 1 post of Motor Mechanic (for General category) i) Certificate course in Motor Mechanic Trade from a recognized Institute. ii) Adequate knowledge of Hindi/ Sanskrit iii) One year experience in the trade. 17-40 years ` 5200-20200+ ` 1900 Grade Pay Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 20 E. Q. Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 21 E. Q. Age Pay Scale TOWN COUNTRY PLANNING Cat. No. 22 14 posts of Junior Engineer (Civil) (GEN=7, SC=3, BCA=2, BCB=1, ESM GEN=1) E. Q. i) Matric or its equivalent. ii) Three year diploma course in Civil Engineering conducted by the State Board of Technical Education or its equivalent qualification from any institution. iii) Hindi / Sanskrit upto Matric standard. 17-40 years ` 9300-34800+ ` 3600 Grade Pay 7 posts of Tracer (GEN=3, SC=1, BCA=1, BCB=1, ESM GEN=1) i) Matric or its equivalent. ii) Certificate in Civil Draftsmanship from an institution. ii) Hindi / Sanskrit upto Matric standard. 17-40 years ` 5200-20200+ ` 2400 Grade Pay 5 posts of Assistant Draftsman (GEN=2, BCA=1, ESM BCB=1, OSP SC=1) i) Matric or its equivalent. ii) Three years diploma in Architectural Assistantship from an institution; OR Diploma/ Certificate in Civil Draftsmanship from an institution. iii) Hindi / Sanskrit upto Matric standard. Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 23 E. Q. Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 24 E. Q. Age Pay Scale 1 7-40 years ` 9300-34800+ ` 3200 Grade Pay SOCIAL JUSTICE EMPOWERMENT DEPARTMENT Cat. No. 5 1 post of Senior Braille Teacher (for General category) E. Q. i) M. A. or its equivalent; ii) Must have a Certificate in Braille system in English and Hindi. iii) Certificate of teacher’s training course for the teacher of the Blind being of organized by the Government of India or certificate/ Diploma for the teacher training imparted by any recognized institution; with 3 years teaching experience; iv) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard 17-40 years ` 9300-34800+ ` 3600 Grade Pay 3 posts of Junior Braille Teacher (for General category) E. Q. ) Graduate ii) Certificate in English Standard Braille Grade-II and Bharti Braille in Hindi with contraction and abbreviation. iii) Certificate of teacher’s training course for teacher of the Blind being organized by the Government of India or certificate/ Diploma for the teacher training imparted by any recognized institution; iv) Preferen ce will be given to the candidate knowing Braille type; v) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard 17-40 years ` 9300-34800+ ` 3600 Grade Pay 1 post of Braille Teacher-cum-Typing Instructor (for General category) E. Q. i) Graduate or its equivalent; ii) Must have a certificate in Braille system in English and Hindi; iii) Certificate of Teacher’s Training Course for Teacher of the Blind organized by the Government of India or certificate/Diploma for the Teacher Training imparted by any recognized institution. v) Preference to the candidate knowing Braille type; v) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard 17-40 years ` 9300-34800+ ` 3600 Grade Pay 2 posts of Music Teacher (for General category) i) Graduate ii) Diploma of recognized institution in vocational instrumental Music; iii) Knowledge of Braille system in English and Bhartiya Braille iv) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. 17-40 years ` 9300-34800+ ` 3600 Grade Pay Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 26 Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 27 Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 28 E. Q. Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 29 1 post of Math Teacher (for General category) E. Q. i) Graduate with Maths; ii) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. iii) Must have a certificate in Braille system in English and Hindi. Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 30 iv) Certificate of Teacher’s Training Course for the Teacher’s of the Blind being organized by the Government of India or certificate/Diploma for the Teachers Training imparted by any recognized institution.. 17-40 years ` 9300-34800+ ` 3600 Grade Pay 16 posts of Investigator (GEN=7, SC=3, BCA=2, BCB=1, ESM GEN=1, ESM BCB=1, PHC Ortho=1) E. Q. Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 31 i) Graduate with Sociology or Psychology. i) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. 17-40 years ` 9300-34800+ ` 3200 Grade Pay 2 posts of Braille Clerk (for General category) E. Q. i) Matric with Hindi. ii)Certificate of knowledge of Bhartiya and English Braille Clerk (Grade-II) or which test in reading and writing Braille is necessary. iii) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. 17-40 years ` 5200-20200+ ` 1900 Grade Pay Age Pay Scale INDUSTRIAL TRAINING INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT HARYANA Cat. No. 32 20 posts of Store Keeper (GEN=2, SC=6, BCA=2, ESM GEN=3, ESM SC=1, ESM BCA=1, ESM BCB=2, OSP SC=1, OSP BCA=1, OSP BCB=1) E. Q. i) B. A. / B. Sc from recognized University. ii) 2 years experience of handling Engineering Store. Posting of stock books and ledgers etc. in Government/ Private reputed Engineering Institute/Firm; iii) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. 17-40 years ` 9300-34800+ ` 3200 Grade Pay Age Pay Scale RENEWABLE ENERGY DEPARTMENT Cat. No. 33 1 post of Assistant Project Officer (for ESM GEN) E. Q. Age Pay Scale i) Diploma in Electrical or Electronics or Mechanical Engineering. ii) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. 17-40 years ` 9300-34800+ ` 3300 Grade Pay WELFARE OF SCHEDULED CASTES BACKWARD CLASSES Cat. No. 4 16 posts of Statistical Assistant (GEN=8, SC=3, BCA=1, BCB=1, ESM BCA=1, ESM BCB=1, PHC Ortho=1) E. Q. i) Master Degree from recognized University in Economics or Agriculture Economics or Mathematics or Commerce with Statistics as one of the papers either at the Master’s level or at the B. A. Hon’s school level in Mathematics or Economics or a Master’s degree in statistic s. ii) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. Age Pay Scale 17-40 years ` 9300-34800+ ` 3300 Grade Pay RAJYA SAINIK BOARD HARYANA Cat. No. 35 24 posts of Clerk (ESM GEN=12, ESM SC=6, ESM BCA=2, ESM BCB=4) E. Q. i) A Matriculate/ Higher Secondary or equivalent qualification. i) A person from clerical trade from former service of Junior Commissioned Officer or other Rank of a person of the equivalent rank in the Indian Navy or Indian Air Force. iii) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. 25-50 years ` 5200-20200+ ` 1900 Grade Pay Age Pay Scale TRANSPORT DEPARTMENT HARYANA Cat. No. 36 40 posts of Diesel Pump Clerk (GEN=20, SC=8, BCA=5, BCB=3, ESM GEN=1, ESM BCA=1, ESM BCB=1, Ortho=1) E. Q. Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 37 E. Q. Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 38 E. Q. i) Matriculation. ii) Hindi / Sanskrit upto Matric standard. 17-40 years ` 5200-20200 + ` 1900/- Grade Pay 4 posts of Ticket Verifier (PHC Blind=2, PHC Deaf/Dumb=2) i) Matric with Hindi. ii) Hindi / Sanskrit upto Matric standard. 18-40 years ` 5200-20200+ ` 1900 Grade Pay 2 posts of Assistant Cashier (PHC Deaf Dumb=1, PHC Ortho=1) i) Matriculation. ii) Hindi/Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. iii)Two years experience of handling cash in Govt. or Semi-Govt. office or private firm. 18-40 years ` 5200-20200+ ` 1900 Grade Pay PHC Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 39 1 post of Station Supervisor (for PHC Ortho) E. Q. i) Graduate. ii) Minimum five years experience in Motor Road Transport Govt. or Semi Govt. Or Public Undertaking. iii) Hindi/Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. 8-40 years ` 9300-34800+ ` 3600 Grade Pay Deptt. Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 40 E. Q. 1 post of Chief Inspector (for PHC Ortho) i) Graduate. ii) Minimum five years experience in Motor Road Transport in a Govt. or Semi Govt. Deptt. Or Public Undertaking. iii) Hindi/Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. 18-40 years ` 9300-34800+ ` 3200 Grade Pay + ` 100 spl. Pay. 10 posts of Inspector (PHC Ortho=5, PHC Deaf Dumb=5) Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 41 E. Q. i) Graduate. ii) At least two years experience in Motor Road Transport in a Govt. or Semi Govt. or Public Undertaking. iii) Hindi/Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. 8-40 years ` 9300-34800+ ` 3200 Grade Pay 15 posts of Sub-Inspector (PHC Deaf Dumb=8, PHC Ortho=7) Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 42 E. Q. i) Graduate. ii) One year experience in Motor Road Transport in a Govt. or Semi Govt. Or Public Undertaking. iii) Hindi/Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. 18-40 years ` 5200-20200+ ` 2400 Grade Pay 1 post of Store Keeper (for PHC Ortho) Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 43 E. Q. i) Matric with Hindi ii) 3 years experience on the post of Assistant Store Keeper. iii) Hindi/Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. 18-40 years ` 5200-20200+ ` 1900 Grade Pay 1 post of Assistant Store Keeper (for PHC Ortho) i) I. T. I. certificate in Motor Mechanic. ii) Preference will be given to those having experience in handling automobile store or ledger in Govt. or Semi Govt. Deptts. , or Public Undertakings. iii) Hindi/Sanskrit upto Matric standard. 18-40 years ` 5200-20200+ ` 1900 Grade Pay Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 44 E. Q. Age Pay Scale HARYANA STATE WAREHOUSING CORPORATION Cat. No. 45 E. Q. 6 posts of Manager Grade-I (GEN=4, SC=2) i) Graduate in Agriculture or Commerce or Biology or Economics or Chemistry with 7 years experience in handling and preservation of Agricultural produce in a Govt. Department or Public Sector Under taking or commercial organization of repute in a Managerial or Supervisory capacity on the post carrying pay scale not below the pay scale of post of Manager Grade-II in the Corporation i. e9300-34800+ GP ` 3300. Preference will be given to persons holding Diploma or Degree in Marketing Management. ii) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 46 E. Q. Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 47 25-40 years ` 9300-34800+ ` 4000 Grade Pay 6 posts of Godown Keeper (GEN=4, BCA=1, ESM GEN=1) i) Graduation in any discipline from a recognized University. i) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. 18-40 years ` 5200-20200+ ` 1900 Grade Pay 7 posts of Technical Assistant (GEN=1, SC=4, ESM GEN=1, ESM BCA=1) E. Q. i) Graduate in Agriculture or Chemistry or Biology with at least 50% marks and having 5 years experience in quality determination or Agricultural produce by modern techniques in a Govt. Department or Public Sector Under Taking or Commercial Organizati on of repute on the post carrying pay scale not below the pay scale of the post of Junior Technical Assistant in the Corporation i. e. ` 9300-34800+ ` 3200 G. P. ii) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. 8-40 years ` 9300-34800+ ` 3300 Grade Pay 1 post of Manager Grade-III (for BCA category) E. Q. i) Graduate in Agriculture or Commerce or Biology or Economics or Chemistry with 2 years experience in handling and preservation of Agricultural produce in a Govt. Department or Public Sector Under taking or commercial organization of repute in a Managerial or Supervisory capacity on the post of carrying pay scale not below the pay scale of Godown Keeper in the Corporation i. e. ` 5200-20200+ ` 1900 G. P. Preference will be given to persons holding Diploma or Degree in Marketing Management. ii) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. 1-40 years ` 9300-34800+ ` 3200 Grade Pay 1 post of Assistant (for General category) i) Bachelor of Art with at least 50% marks with 3 years experience in a Gov ernment Department, Public Sector Undertaking, Commercial Organization of repute on the post of carrying pay scale not below the pay scale of post of Clerk or typist in the Corporation is ` 5200-20200 + ` 1900 G. P. for equivalency, the minimum average gross monthly pay in Pvt. Sector shall be ` 6000. Preference will be given to those who know English or Hindi typing with a speed of thirty words per minute. ii) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. 8-40 years ` 9300-34800+ ` 3200 Grade Pay Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 48 Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 49 E. Q. Age Pay Scale CIVIL AVIATION Cat. No. 50 1 post of Store-Keeper (for General category) E. Q. i) Matric/ Higher Secondary/ 10+2 (Vocational) or its equivalent. ii) 2 years experience in maintaining Technical Stores. iii) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. Age 17-40 years Pay Scale ` 5200-20200+ ` 1900 Grade Pay HARYANA STATE SEED CERTIFICATION AGENCY Cat. No. 51 E. Q. 1 post of Seed Certification Officer (for General category) i) M. Sc. ( Agri. ) in Plant Breeding / Agronomy/ Horticulture (Veg. ) / Seed Technology. Preference will be given to experienced persons. ii) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. Pay Scale Age 9300-34800+4000 Grade Pay 18-40 years DAKSHIN HARYANA BIJLI VITRAN NIGAM Cat. No. 52 3 posts of Divisional/Revenue Accountant (back-log of SC/BC) (ESM SC=1, ESM BCA=1, ESM BCB=1) i) Bachelor’s degree in Commerce with at least 60% marks from any University recognized by State Govt. of Haryana. Candidates possessing higher qualification would be preferred. ii) Hindi/Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. iii) Should have undertaken at least one year diploma course in Computer from any institution recognized by the State Govt. 8-40 years ` 9300-34800+ ` 3600 Grade Pay E. Q. Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 53 3 posts of Shift Attendant (back-log of PHC) (Blind/Low Vision=1, Deaf Dumb=1, Ortho=1) i) Matric with two years ITI Course in Electrician/ Electronics/ Wireman Trade with knowledge of Computer and should have training from any Institute for a period of at least of 3 months covering follo wing topics as a part of course/ training:a) Computer Fundamentals b) Knowledge of operating systems c) Operation of Internet/E-Mail. d) MS Word/Excel/Power point. ii) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. 8-40 years ` 5200-20200+ ` 2400 Grade Pay E. Q. Age Pay Scale UTTAR/ DAKSHIN HARYANA BIJLI VITRAN NIGAM LIMITED Cat. No. 54 72 posts of Junior Engineer (Electrical) (GEN=30, SC=10, BCA=7, BCB=4, ESM GEN=5, ESM SC=2+1(backlog), ESM BCA=2, ESM BCB=2, OSP SC=1, OSP BCA=1, OSP BCB=1, PHC Ortho upto one leg=1+3 (backlog), PHC Partially Deaf=1+1 (backlog). E. Q. i) Three years Diploma in Electrical /Electronics from any Institute/Board /University recognized by the Government of Haryana with qualifying percentage of marks in respect of General category/ BC will be 60% and for SC/ST categories it will be 55%. i) The candidate should have undertaken at least one year Diploma Course in Computer from any institution recognized by the Government of Haryana. However, one year diploma course q ualification is not required in case, candidate have computer subject in their diploma course. iii) Must have passed Hindi/Sanskrit upto Matric Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 55 E. Q. Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 56 18-40 years ` 9300-34800+ ` 3800 Grade Pay 12 posts of Junior Engineer (Civil) (GEN=6, SC=2, BCA=2, BCB=1, ESM GEN=1). i) Having minimum qualification of diploma in Civil Engineering. ii) Must have passed Hindi/Sanskrit upto Matric 8-40 years ` 9300-34800+ ` 3800 Grade Pay 145 posts of Upper Divisional Clerk (Field Cadre / Head Office) (GEN=63, SC=22, BCA=17, BCB=10, ESM GEN=10, ESM SC=3+2 (backlog), ESM BCA=3, ESM BCB=4, OSP GEN=1, OSP SC=2, OSP BCA=2, OSP BCB=1, PHC Ortho one leg=2, PHC Partially Deaf 2+1 (backlog). E. Q. i) Graduate with at least 50% marks from any University recognized by the Government of Haryana with working knowledge of computer covering the following topics:a) Computer Fundamentals b) Operation of Internet/E-mail c) MS Office (MS Word, Excel and Power Point) i i) Passed type test in Hindi at speed of 25 w. . m. or in English at the speed of 30 w. p. m. on computer respectively. iii) Must have passed Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 57 18-40 years ` 5200-20200+ ` 2900 Grade Pay 437 posts of Lower Divisional Clerk (Field Cadre/ Head Office) (GEN=143, SC=55+44 (backlog), BCA=42+8 (backlog), BCB=23+11 (backlog), ESM GEN=23, ESM SC=7+4 (backlog), ESM BCA= 6+8(backlog), ESM BCB=9+5 (backlog), OSP GEN=3, OSP SC=3+5(backlog), OSP BCA=4+5(backlog), OSP BCB=3+1(backlog), PHC Blind=1, PHC Low Vision=1, PHC Deaf/Partially Deaf=4+11(backlog), PHC Ortho one leg/one arm=5+3(backlog). E. Q. i) 10+2/10+2 (Vocational) with at least 50% marks or equivalent and above (for ex-serviceman 10+2 only) or graduate from any Board/ University recognized by the Government of Haryana with working knowledge of computer covering the following topics:a) Computer Fundamentals. b) Operation of Internet/ E-Mail c) MS Office (MS word, Excel and Power Point). ii) Passed type test in Hindi at the speed of 25 w. p. m. or in English at the speed of 30 w. p. m. respectively and data punching speed of 8000 keys depressions per hour on computer. ii) Must have passed Hindi/Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 58 E. Q. 18-40 years ` 5200-20200+ ` 2400 Grade Pay 2 posts of Assistant Store keeper i) Graduation Degree in Science/Arts/Commerce with minimum 2nd Division from any University recognized by the Govt. of Haryana. ii) Must have passed Hindi/Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. (for General category) Age Pay Scale Cat. No. 59 18-40 years ` 5200-20200+ ` 2400 Grade Pay 4 posts o f Store Munshi ( 2 posts for HPGCL) (for General category) E. Q. ) 10+2 or equivalent examination of Haryana. from Education Board/University recognized by the Govt. ii) Must have passed Hindi/Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. Age Pay Scale NOTE: 18-40 years ` 5200-20200+ ` 2400 Grade Pay (For category No 52 to 59) The upper age relaxable to 5 years for SC/ST and BC/ Economically BC Candidates of Haryana State only. (In the case of employees of DHBVN, UHBVNL, HVPNL and HPGCL, age limit is relaxable to the extent of service rendered by them in these organizations provided they apply through proper channel). The upper age is also relaxable in the case of Ex-serviceman to the extent of Military service rendered by them by adding three years service subject to possessing the requisite certificate. EMPLOYMENT DEPARTMENT Cat. No. 60 8 posts of Statistical Assistant (GEN=3, SC=2, BCA=1, BCB=1, ESM GEN=1) E. Q. i) M. A. in Mathematics / Economics with Statistics or Graduate 2nd class with Mathematics / Economics/ Statistics with 3 years experience in collection interpretation, dissemination and compilation of statistical data in a Government office or a business concern of repute. i) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard.. 9300-34800+3300 Grade Pay 17-40 years Pay Scale Age HARYANA STATE ARCHIVES Cat. No. 61 2 posts of Assistant Archivist (GEN=1, BCA=1) E. Q. i) 2nd Class Master’s degree in History with an optional paper of post 1600 period of Indian History of a recognized University ( For ex-servicemen only. Master’s Degree in History with an optional paper of post 1600 period o f Indian History); OR 2nd Class Master’s Degree in Persian with adequate knowledge of Shikasta Script and Indian History of post 1600 period in B. A. rom a recognized University; (For ex-servicemen Master’s Degree in Persian with adequate knowledge of Shikasta Script and Indian History of post 1600 period in B. A. from a recognized University); ii) Diploma in Archives keeping; iii) Knowledge of Hindi upto Matric Standard. Preferential: i) Knowledge of typography and proof reading; ii) Knowledge of any India or foreign language (s) besides English and Hindi. Pay Scale Age ` 9300-34800+ ` 3300 Grade Pay 17-40 years EMPLOYEES STATE INSURANCE, HEALTH CARE, HARYANA Cat. No. 62 E. Q. 1 post of Dietician (for General category) i) M. Sc. Dietetics or a) B. Sc. Home Science and b) Diploma in Dietetics from any recognized University or any other institution. ii) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. PREFERENTIAL iii) Experience of Hospital diets, cooking management of kitchens, etc†¦ Pay Scale Age HEALTH SERVICES 9300-34800+4000 Grade Pay 17-40 years Cat. No. 63 388 posts of Staff Nurse (Including 40 posts for ESI Health Care) (GEN=151, SC=72, BCA=48, BCB=32, ESM GEN=26, ESM SC=9, ESM BCA=10, ESM BCB=12, OSP GEN=4, OSP SC=5, OSP BCA=3, OSP BCB=3, PHC Blind/ Low vision=4, PHC Deaf Dumb/Partially deaf=4, PHC Ortho=5) E. Q. i) B. Sc. (Hons. ) Nursing or B. Sc. (post Basic) Nursing OR Diploma in General Nursing with midwife Training from a recognized Institute/ University; ii) A division Nurse (with midwife training) registered with Haryana Nurses Registration Council; iii) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard.. Pay Scale Age Cat. No. 64 ` 9300-34800+ ` 4200 Grade Pay 17-40 years 1 post of Junior Statistical Nosologist. (for General category) E. Q. ) Master degree from a recognized University in Economics or Agricultural Economics or Mathematics or Commerce or Operation Research or Econometrics with Statistics as one of the papers in case of first four; OR Second Division Graduate with two years Diploma in Statistics from a recognized University; ii) Two years experience as Statistical and Vital Health Supervisor or Investigator or Machine Operator or Statistical Assistant or Field Evaluation Worker in any Government Department. iii) One year diploma in Computer Application from a recognized Univer sity/ Institution; iv) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. Pay Scale Age ` 9300-34800+ ` 3300 Grade Pay 17-40 years Cat. No. 65 E. Q. 9 posts of Statistical Assistant (GEN=2, SC=1, BCB=1, ESM GEN=1, ESM SC=2, ESM BCA=2) i) Master degree from a recognized University in Economics or Agricultural Economics or Mathematics or Commerce with Statistics or Operation Research or Econometrics with Statistics as one of paper in case of first four; OR Second Division Graduate with two years Diploma in Statistics from a recognized University; ii) One year Diploma in Computer Application from a recognized University/ Institution. ii) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. Pay Scale Age ` 9300-34800+ ` 3300 Grade Pay 17-40 years HEALTH SERVICES (MALARIA) Cat. No. 66 560 posts of Multipurpose Health Worker (Male) (GEN=185, SC=112, BCA=90, BCB=61, ESM GEN=39, ESM SC=11, ESM BCA=11, ESM BCB=17, OSP GEN=5, OSP SC=4, OSP BCA=4, OSP BCB=4, PHC Ortho=6, PHC Low Vision=6, PHC Deaf Dumb=5) i) Matric E. Q. ii) Multipurpose Health Workers Haryana Government. Training Course from an institution approved by the ii) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. Pay Scale Age ` 5200-20200+ ` 2400 Grade Pay 17-40 years PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT HARYANA Cat. No. 67 83 posts of Assistant Draftsman (Civil) (GEN=37, SC=18, BCA=7, BCB=6, ESM GEN=7, ESM SC=2, ESM BCB=2, OSP GEN=1, PHC Ortho=1, PHC Hearing=1, PHC Low vision=1 ) i) Passed a recognized certificate course in Civil Draftsman conducted by State Industrial Training and Vocational Department, Haryana or any other recognized Institute by the Haryana Government. Or Passed three years recognized National Certificate (Theoretical) course in Civil Engineering conducted by State Board of Technical Education, Haryana or any other recognized institute by the Haryana Government. ii) Certified courses in AUTO Computer Aided Design (Civil), Water Computer Aided Design including 2 Dimensional and 3 Dimensional , AUTO Computer Aided Design Map 3 Dimensional /ARC INFO/ Structural Analysis and Design PRO from Authorized Training Centre of Application Software providers. iii) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard or higher education.. E. Q. Pay Scale Age ` 9300-34800+ ` 3200 Grade Pay 17-40 years. ENGINEER-IN-CHIEF PWD (BR) HARYANA Cat. No. 68 109 posts of Junior Engineer (Civil) (GEN=37, SC=15, BCA=12, BCB=8 (1backlog), ESM GEN=6, ESM SC=5 (3backlog), ESM BCA=6 (1backlog), ESM BCB=4 (2backlog), OSP GEN=2 (1backlog), OSP SC=1, OSP BCA=1, PHC blind=5 (4backlog), PHC Deaf Dumb=5(backlog), PHC Ortho=2) i) Passed three years diploma in Civil Engineering from recognized Technical Institution. ii) Hindi/ Sanskrit upto Matric Standard. ` 9300-34800+ ` 3600 Grade Pay 17-40 years. E. Q. Pay Scale Age SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS : The prescribed essential qualification does not entitle a candidate to be called for interview. The Commission may short list the candidates for interview by holding a written examination or on the basis of a rationale criterion to be adopted by the Commission. The decision of the Commission in all matters relating to acceptance or rejection of an application, eligibility/suitability of the candidates, mode of, and criteria for selection etc. will be final and binding on the candidates. No inquiry or correspondence will be entertained in this regard. HOW TO APPLY-GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS : A candidate whether he belongs to general category or reserved categories viz. SC, BC, ESM/DESM can submit only one application for particular category of post. Application form complete in all respects duly filled in by the candidates in their own handwriting in capital letters and signed in the specified space should be sent only through Registered Post to the Secretary, Haryana Staff Selection Commission, Bays No. 67-70, Sector-2, Panchkula PIN- 134151. All the column of the application form should be filled in. Applications related to RTI should be sent by writing ‘RTI Application’ on top of envelopes. The candidate should give details of all the examinations passed from Matriculation or its equivalent onwards and mention total and percentage of marks obtained and maximum marks in each examination. The candidates are advised to attach photocopy only of essential qualification certificates/diploma/degree with the application form alongwith Eligibility Certificate in case of DESM and Sports Gradation Certificate in case of Outstanding Sports Person category and PHC Certificate from the Competent Authority. The candidates, who have obtained degrees or Diplomas or Certificates for the various courses from any institution declared fake by the University Grants Commission, shall not be eligible for being considered for recruitment to the posts advertised. SERVING GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES SHOULD SEND THEIR APPLICATION FORM WELL IN TIME THROUGH PROPER CHANNEL. THEY MAY, HOWEVER, SEND AN ADVANCE COPY DIRECT TO THE COMMISSION. FEE:Fee at the following rates should be deposited in the Haryana Govt. Treasury under the Head â€Å"0051-H. P. S. C. (103)-Staff Selection Commission, Haryana-Application fee and other receipts. † SC/BC/ PHC candidates General Candidates of Haryana only 1,4 to 13, 15 to 19, 22 to 30, 32 to 34, 39 to 42, 45, 47 to 49, 51 to 68 2,3,14,20, 21,31, 36 to 38, 43,44,46,50 Rs. 150/Rs. 35 /- Cat. No. Cat. No. Rs. 100/- Rs. 25/- No concession of fee is admissible to SC/BC/PHC applicants of other States. The ESM candidates are exempted from payment of Fee, but their dependents are required to pay the fee as for General, SC or BC candidates as case may be. Candidates residing outside Haryana and Chandigarh can send the fee in the form of Indian Postal Orders which should be made payable to the Secretary, Haryana Staff Selection Commission at Panchkula. Fee sent in the form of Bank Draft or Money Order or Cash will not be accepted. transferable nor refundable/adjustable. Fee once sent with the application form is neither Treasury challans / Postal Orders purchased before the publication of this advertisement and after the closing date will not be accepted. Relaxation in Age : i) In the case of SC/BC/PHC candidates, the upper age limit is relaxable as per Haryana Govt. nstruction. For Ex-servicemen candidates relaxation up to continuous Military service added by three years is permissible. ii) The upper age limit in respect of widow, legally separated woman, divorcee, deserted woman and unmarried woman will be upto 45 years as per Government instructions. Reservation of posts:- Reservation will be as per Haryana Government Instructions. will For Disabled ESM/Dependent of Killed/ Disabled in action reservation be as per Haryana Govt. instructions contained in letter No. 945-GS-II 72/6451, dated the 6th March, 1972. The reservation for ESM will be utilized in the order given below:i) Disabled ex-servicemen with disability between 20% to 50%. ii) Up to two dependents of Service personnel killed/disabled beyond 50% iii) Other ex-servicemen. Note:-1. Disabled ex-servicemen will mean ex-servicemen who, while serving in the Armed Forces of the Union were disabled in operations against the enemy or in disturbed areas. Note:-2. The dependents will include besides wife/widow, dependent sons/daughters. The dependent sons of ESM who fulfill all conditions of qualifications, age etc. prescribed or posts will be considered on merit for the posts reserved for ESM to the extent of non-availability of suitable ESM candidates. The children and the grand-children of Freedom Fighters (DFF) would be considered to the extent mentioned in Haryana Govt. letter No. 22/20/83-3GSIII, dated 26. 7. 1984 as amended from time to time, if the quota reserved for Ex-servicemen, remains unfilled due to nonavailability of suitab le Ex-servicemen or their dependents. ESM/DESM candidates of Haryana claiming benefit will have to produce the fresh Eligibility Certificate from the concerned Zila Sainik Board at the time of interview. Mere dependent certificate will not be entertained. ESM candidates should also produce at the time of interview attested photo copy of Identity Card issued by concerned Zila Sainik Board. NONE OF THE PERSON BELOW SHALL FALL WITHIN THE DEFINITION OF WORD DEPENDENT OF EXSERVICEMEN IN TERMS OF HARYANA GOVT. LETTER NO. 12/37/79-GSII, 1980 :i) ii) iii) iv) v) Note :- i) A person may be working on an adhoc basis against the post advertised or somewhere else. A person may be unemployed at the time of making the application but he may have other source of income viz. rom agriculture, trade, property, Bank Balance etc. A person who is a member of the joint Hindu family and remains dependent upon the Karta till there is partition in the family or he ceases to be a member of the joint Hindu family and is obliged to pass on all his income to the Karta and he draws money for his subsistence from the pool of the joint Hindu family with the consent of the Karta. A candidate who is a member of the j oint Hindu family is employed on adhoc basis but he is otherwise dependent on his father. The benefit of reservation will be given only to those SC/BC/ PHC and ESM and outstanding sportsperson candidates who are domicile of Haryana State. The SC/ BC/PHC candidates are required to submit SC/BC/PHC Certificate duly issued by the competent authority at the time of interview. Likewise the Outstanding Sports Person shall be required to attach the sport gradation certificate with the application form as per Government instructions duly issued by the competent authority. DESM shall be required to attach the fresh Eligibility Certificate duly issued by the respective Zila Sainik Board with the application form. Qualification will be determined with regard to the last date fixed for receipt of applications. Candidates applying for a post must ensure that they fulfill all the eligibility conditions on the last date of application. If on verification at any time before or after the written examination or interview or appointment, it is found that they do not fulfill any of the eligibility condition or it is found that the information furnished is false or incorrect their candidature will be cancelled. The experience will be considered only after acquiring the essential qualification. DATED 21-11- i) iii) iv) DOCUMENTS TO BE ATTACHED WITH THE APPLICATION FORM i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) One copy of latest stamp size photograph duly attested should be pasted on the application form. Attested photocopy of Treasury Challan. Attested photocopy of essential qualifications and above /diploma/degree should be attached with the application form. Attested copy of fresh Eligibility Certificate in case of DESM candidates duly issued by the respective Zila Sainik Board. Attested copy of Sport Gradation Certificate in case of Outstanding Sports Persons, duly issued by the Competent Authority. Attested photo copy of BC / SC / PHC Certificate issued by competent authority. The candidates residing outside the state of Haryana should send original Indian Postal Orders with the application forms after retaining counterfoil of IPO’s with them. They will produce the original Treasury Challan/ IPO (Counter Foil), and all other relevant documents along with Photostat attested copies, at the time of interview. 2. The candidates are advised that the photocopy the application form. Note :- of all qualifications should be attached with An application form will be summarily rejected in the following events :(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x) (xi) If a candidate makes more than one application for a particular category. If the application is not in the prescribed format appended with this advertisement. If the application is unsigned/incomplete. If full fee is not deposited in the manner prescribed or proof thereof not attached. If the application is not sent through Registered Post. If the experience certificate is without detail of salary per month received (wherever the condition of experience apply). If the application is received in Commission’s office after the closing date, HSSC will not be responsible for any postal delay. If a candidate does not possess the qualification of Hindi/Sanskrit up to Matric Standard/ Higher Standard. If a candidate does not possess the requisite academic qualification on the cut off date. If a candidate is underage/overage on the cut off date. If a candidate does not indicate visible identification mark in column 13 of the application form. USE OF MOBILE PHONE, PAGER AND OTHER ELECTRONICS DEVICE IN HARYANA STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION EXAMINATION/ INTERVIEW IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED. Place : Panchkula Dated: 06. 12. 2011 Secretary, Haryana Staff Selection Commission, Panchkula. BY REGISTERED POST ONLY HARYANA STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION Bays No. 67-70, Sector-2, Panchkula-134151 ____________________________________________________________ _________________ FOR OFFICE USE ONLY CONTROL NO. ROLL NO. SCRUTINY BY APPLICATION Treasury / Post office Name Try. Ch . /I. P. O. No. FORM Date Amount IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS 1. Please read instructions given in advertisement carefully before filling in each column. 2. Use only Black/Blue ball pen to write or tick the box. 3. Please tick ‘Yes’ as ? and ‘Not’ as ? 4. Put ? n the column which is not applicable. 5. The candidates belonging to ESM/DESM/DFF/OSP will be required to ? both the columns i. e. their Category as well as caste which they belong. Advertisement No. Category No. Name of the post Paste here your latest stamp size, attested photograph 1. CANDIDATE’S NAME in capital letters as give n in class X Certificate (in English) 2. 3. Father’s Name in capital letters as given in class X Certificate (in English) Date of Birth : Date Month Year Signature of Candidate 4. Age as on eligibility date : Years Months Days 5. Sex : Gen. Male SC BCA BCB ESM Female DESM DFF OSP PHC (Ortho) PHC(DD) PHC(Blind) . 7. 9. Category : Are you domicile of Haryana : Yes No 8. Nationality : Indian other Write Name and complete mailing address, in block letters, with black sketch pen only : – Name : Address : With Telephone No. , if any Pin Code 10. Educational qualifications :Educational Qualifications Year of Passing Marks Obtained Total Marks % age Division Name of Board/ University Subjects 10th (Matric) 10+2(Senior Secondary) ITI/Vocational Diploma/Degree B. A. /B. Sc. /B. Com/B. E. M. A. /M. Sc. /M. Com. /M. E. 11. Any other higher qualification specify___________________________________________________ 12. Experience : Years Months Days Name of Organization : ______________________________________Total Salary : Rs. _________________ Visible identification mark on the body of the candidate __________________________________________ Declaration : I hereby declare that :1. All statements made in this application form are true, complete and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. In the event of any information being found false or incorrect, or ineligibility being detected before or after the interview/appointment/selection, my candidature may be cancelled and action can be taken against me. . I have read the provisions in advertisement of the Commission carefully and I hereby undertake to abide by them. I fulfill all the conditions of eligibility regarding age limits, educational qualifications etc. prescribed in the advertisement and other relevant rules and instructions. 3 I have never been convicted by Criminal Court. PLACE : ___________________________ SIGNATURE OF THE CANDID ATE (unsigned application will be rejected) DATE : ____________________________ 13. 14. How to cite Grean City Clean City, Papers

Accounting Bell Canada Enterprise Inc

Question: Discuss about theAccountingfor Bell Canada Enterprise Inc. Answer: Introduction In this report, an attempt is made to analyze the accounting policy relating to pension and post-employment benefit of the Bell Canada Enterprise Inc. (BCE) from the annual report of 2014. In Canada the BCE is the largest communication company providing wide range of solution to the residential, business and the whole sale customers. The company is a publicly traded company and is listed in the Toronto Stock Exchange and the New York stock exchange. The main aim of this report is to review the disclosures of the annual report and answer the question relating to the post-employment benefits. DefinedBenefit (DB) Pension Plan The dividend payout policy of BCE is such that the company is able to maintain high level of excess cash. The company uses the excess cash to make voluntary contribution in the defined pension plan. This has helped the company to reduce the volatility of the future funding requirements. In the year 2014, the company has contributed an amount of $350 million as the voluntary DB pension plan for funding the post-employment benefit obligation of the company. On analyzing the annual report of the company, it can be seen that in 2013 the company had a pension surplus of $36 million that was distributed as per Note 9 of the Annual report. In 2014, there was no pension surplus that was distributed as net income. The company has seen an increase in the post-employment benefit requirements for the year ended December 2014. The increase in post-employment obligation is due to lower actual discounting rate of 4% in December 2014 as compared to the 4.9% in the years 2013.In the year ended Decemb er 2013 there was decrease in post-employment benefit obligations. The main reason for such decrease in obligation is the increase in discounting rate to 4.9% as compared to 4.4% in 2012. In case of net deficit, position there is total planned deficit of $2651 million in 2014 of the post-employment obligation (Berman et al., 2014). Reporting of Employment Benefit Assets and Obligations In the consolidated financial statement of the company under the non-current liability the amount of the Post-employment benefit obligations is $2172 million in 2013 and $2772 in 2014. The annual report of the company under Note 22 Post employment benefit plans provides that present value of the post-employment benefit obligation is $22695 million in 2014. The report also states that the fair value of the planned assets is $20080 million in 2014. The post-employment benefit liability in 2014 is $2621 million (Bartram, 2015). There are certain post-employment benefit assets included in the non-current assets. Therefore, it can be seen that the post-employment benefit obligation is $2772 million in the year 2014. The reconciliation statement is given below: Reconciliation (amount in million) Particulars 2014 2013 Post-employment benefit obligation $ (22,695.00) $ (20,313.00) Fair value of Plan assets $ 20,080.00 $ 18,323.00 Plan deficit $ (2,615.00) $ (1,990.00) Assets limit effect $ (6.00) $ (1.00) Post-Employment benefit liability $ (2,621.00) $ (1,991.00) Post-Employment benefit assets included in the non-current Assets $ 151.00 $ 136.00 Post-employment benefit Obligation $ (2,772.00) $ (2,127.00) Table 1: Reconciliation (Source: BCE Annual Report, 2014) The reconciliation above shows that the Post employment obligation is more than the planned assets hence it is a non-current liability. Return on Pension Plan Assets The investment strategy that is followed for post-employment benefit planned assets is to maintain a diversified portfolio of investments. These investments are made in prudent manner so that the security of the fund is maintained. The expected return on plan assets is $773 million in 2013 and $878 million in 2014. However, the actual return on plan assets is $1082 million or 6.4% in 2013 and $2241 million or 12.6% in 2014. Therefore, it can be said that the actual return from the plan assets is more than the expected return (Andonov et al., 2016). Expenses Related to Post Employment Benefit Plans The income statement shows that the company has recognized the interest expenses on the post-employment benefit obligation. The amount of interest expenses recognized in 2014 is $101million and $150 million in 2013. The main component of the expenses are DB pension and OPEBs pension. Expenses of Post-employment benefit plans Particulars 2014 2013 DB Pension $ 35.00 $ 87.00 OPEBs Pension $ 66.00 $ 63.00 Total cost $ 101.00 $ 150.00 Table 2: Expenses of Post-employment benefit plans (Source: created by Author) The main objective of the section 3462 of the Accounting Standard for Private Enterprise (ASPE) is that the current expenses of the employees future benefit is recorded in the financial statement of the company. The amount of expenses that should be recognized under ASPE is the amount of actuarial loss or gain. In 2014, the company should recognize the actuarial loss of $923 million and in 2013; the actuarial gain is $1403 million (Alcover et al., 2014). Post Employment Plans The different types of post-employment pension plan and other benefits that the company has are DB pension plans, DC pension plans and OPEBs. The costs of DB pension plans is $214 million in 2014 and $252 million in 2013. The costs of DC pension plans are $94 million in 2014 and $81 million in 2013. The costs of the OPEBs in 2014 is $9 million and in 2013 is $7 million. The total all costs reported under the total post-employment benefit plan is $305 million in 2014 and $286 million in 2013 (Boisclair et al., 2015). Conclusion Based on the above discussion it can be said that the company is sufficiently contributing in the post-employment benefit plans. It can be said that the company will have sufficient funds so that the obligation can be satisfied as and when it arise. Reference Aguzzoli, R., Geary, J. (2014). An emerging challenge: The employment practices of a Brazilian multinational company in Canada.human relations,67(5), 587-609. Alcover, C. M., Topa, G., Parry, E., Fraccaroli, F., Depolo, M. (2014).Bridge employment: A research handbook. Routledge. Andonov, A., Bauer, R., Cremers, M. (2016). Pension fund asset allocation and liability discount rates. Bartram, S. M. (2015). Corporate post-retirement benefit plans and leverage.Review of Finance, rfv021. Berman, M., Crane, R., Seiber, E., Munur, M. (2014). Estimating the cost of a smoking employee.Tobacco control,23(5), 428-433. Boisclair, D., Lusardi, A., Michaud, P. C. (2015). Financial literacy and retirement planning in Canada.Journal of Pension Economics Finance, 1-20.

Tourism In Asia Essay Example For Students

Tourism In Asia Essay AsiaAsia, largest of the earths seven continents. With outlying islands, it covers an estimated 44,936,000 sq km (17,350,000sq mi), or about one-third of the worlds total land area. Asia has morethan 3.2 billion inhabitants. Its peoples account for three-fifths of theworlds population. Lying almost entirely in the northernhemisphere, Asia is bounded by the Arctic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. We will write a custom essay on Tourism In Asia specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The conventional boundary between Europe and Asia is drawn at the UralMountains in Russia. Asia and Africa are separated by the Red Sea. Asiais divided for convenience into five major realms: the areas of the formerUnion of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR); East Asia, including China,Mongolia, Korea, and Japan; Southeast Asia; South Asia, including the Indiansubcontinent; and Southwest Asia, including much of the Middle East. Thecontinent may also be divided into two cultural realms: that which is Asianin culture (East Asia, Southeast Asia, and South Asia) and that which isnot (Asia of the former USSR, and Southwest Asia). The Natural EnvironmentAsias interior consists of mountains,plateaus, and intervening structural basins. The continents physiographicsystem focuses on the Pamirs, a towering plateau region located where theborders of India, China, and Afghanistan converge. It is known as the Roofof the World. Mountain ranges spiral out from the Pamirs to the west (HinduKush), and southeast (Great Himalayas). These ranges form an imposing eastern-westernarc, about 2500 km (about 1550 mi) in length, that contains numerous peaksof heights well more than 6100 m (20,000 ft), including the highest peakin the world, Mount Everest. Other ranges extend east and northeast ofthe Pamirs (Karakorum, Kunlun, and Tien Shan). Between the Himalayan systemand the Karakorum-Kunlun ranges lies the high Tibetan Plateau. Around thiscentral core are arrayed four major plateau regions (Siberia, eastern China,southern India, and the Arabian Peninsula) and several major structuralbasins and river plains. Several major rivers flow north to theArctic Ocean, others drain into the great interior drainage basin of Asia. In the south, southeast, and east, rivers such as the Ganges, Mekong, andHuang He (Yellow River) flow through vast lowlands. Climates in Asia rangefrom equatorial to arctic. Vegetation is extraordinarily diverse, rangingfrom tundra, grasslands, and desert scrub, to coniferous and mixed forests,tropical forest, and equatorial rain forests. Animal life is equally diverse. Asia is enormously rich in mineral resources. The PeopleThe peoples of Asia are more diverse thanthose of any other continent, and they are highly concentrated in a smallproportion of the total area, chiefly in southern and eastern Asia. Mongoloidpeoples are predominant in East Asia and mainland Southeast Asia. Malayo-Polynesianpeoples prevail in the archipelagos of Southeast Asia. Caucasoid peoplesdominate South Asia, Southwest Asia, Siberia, and much of Central Asia. Chinese culture permeates East Asia, althoughthe Tibetan, Mongol, Korean, and Japanese cultures have their own languages. Southeast Asia is more diversified, with separate ethnolinguistic groupsof Malay, Thai, Vietnamese, and others. In South Asia, Dravidian and Indo-Aryanlanguages are spoken. In Southwest Asia, Persian (Farsi), Semitic, andTurkic languages identify various ethnic groups. Turkic speakers also arenumerous in Central Asia and in western China. Russian is the principallanguage in Siberia. Islam dominates in Southwest Asia and Central Asiaand is of major importance in South Asia and Indonesia. Hinduism is predominantin India. Buddhism extends through interior Asia and into Southeast Asia,China and Japan. Patterns of Economic DevelopmentMost of Asia is economically underdeveloped,but a number of important exceptions exist. Japan has successfully modernizedits economy, as have Taiwan, South Korea, and Singapore. The majority ofthe continents population is employed in agriculture characterized bylow yields and low labor productivity. Rice is the food-staple crop ofthe south and east, although wheat and other dry grains are also grown. .u0423e3457e6d0894e42f3194e6ab2bb8 , .u0423e3457e6d0894e42f3194e6ab2bb8 .postImageUrl , .u0423e3457e6d0894e42f3194e6ab2bb8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0423e3457e6d0894e42f3194e6ab2bb8 , .u0423e3457e6d0894e42f3194e6ab2bb8:hover , .u0423e3457e6d0894e42f3194e6ab2bb8:visited , .u0423e3457e6d0894e42f3194e6ab2bb8:active { border:0!important; } .u0423e3457e6d0894e42f3194e6ab2bb8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0423e3457e6d0894e42f3194e6ab2bb8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0423e3457e6d0894e42f3194e6ab2bb8:active , .u0423e3457e6d0894e42f3194e6ab2bb8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0423e3457e6d0894e42f3194e6ab2bb8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0423e3457e6d0894e42f3194e6ab2bb8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0423e3457e6d0894e42f3194e6ab2bb8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0423e3457e6d0894e42f3194e6ab2bb8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0423e3457e6d0894e42f3194e6ab2bb8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0423e3457e6d0894e42f3194e6ab2bb8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0423e3457e6d0894e42f3194e6ab2bb8 .u0423e3457e6d0894e42f3194e6ab2bb8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0423e3457e6d0894e42f3194e6ab2bb8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Information Technology EssayIn Asias drier interior regions, the raising of cattle, sheep, and horsesis important. Lumbering is an important industry in most Southeast Asiancountries. Marine fisheries are extremely important throughout coastalAsia. Japan is the worlds leading fishing country, and China follows closely. Mining also is an important activity in most Asian countries; petroleumis the most important mineral export. Many areas have petroleum resources,but Southwest Asia contains the largest reserves. Relatively few people in Asia are employedin manufacturing. In general, urban centers and their industries are notwell integrated economically with the rural sector, and transportationsystems, both within countries and between them, are poorly developed. A very high proportion of Asias world trade is with countries on othercontinents, rather than between Asian countries. The important exceptionsare the flow of oil and raw materials from other Asian nations to Japan,and the export of Japanese manufactured goods to Southeast Asia. HistoryThe following historical survey attemptsto show the interactions, collisions, and successions of Asian civilizationsin continental terms. For additional information on countries or regionsmentioned, see the history sections of articles on the individual Asiancountries. The earliest known civilizations arosein the great river valleys of Southwest Asia, northwest India, and northernChina before 3000 BC. All were agricultural societies that developed advancedsocial and political structures to maintain irrigation and flood-controlsystems. Raiding nomadic herders forced the populations to live in walledcities for defense and to entrust their protection to an aristocratic classof leaders. Eventually artisans provided trade items, which brought exchangesbetween cultures. From 500 BC to AD 600, the early civilizationsexpanded and interacted. By AD 500 the major world religions and philosophies,with the exception of Islam (which had not yet been founded), had spreadfar from their places of origin. In the west and south, elements of Persian,Greek, and Indian culture spread widely. In the east, Chinese influencespread until, in the early centuries AD, waves of Turkic, Mongol, and Hunnishinvaders set off tribal movements that pushed through Central Asia. ManyChinese fled south to the Yangtze Valley. Chinese culture spread from thereto Korea and Japan. From the 7th century to the 15th century,two forces dominated Asian events: the spread of the new religion of Islamand the expansion of the Mongols, who conquered much of Asia and threatenedEurope. In the 7th century the Prophet of Islam, Muhammad, and his successors,the Umayyad caliphs (see Caliphate), spread Islam from India to Spain. The Mongols who dominated Asia for twocenturies originated in the vast Asian steppeland. They came to power underGenghis Khan, who conquered western and North China and parts of CentralAsia in the early 1200s. His sons and grandsons expanded the Mongol Empire,which eventually extended from China to the Middle East and the edges ofEurope. Meanwhile, Japan was strongly influencedby Chinese culture, in both government and socioeconomic ideas. As theprovincial nobility grew stronger, the Fujiwara clan gained control (794-1185)until the Minamoto clan seized power, ruling through military dictatorscalled shogunshogunsmperors remained powerless figureheads (1185-1333). The Mongols failed to conquer Japan. After the Mongols were overthrown by theMing dynasty (1368-1644) in China and by others elsewhere in Asia, rivalempires contended for power. The political disintegration closed overlandtrade just as Europes new national states entered an era of explorationand colonialism. The resulting international competition for trade subjectedAsia to encroachment by the empire-building Europeans. By the mid-19thcentury, the major colonial powers in most of Asia were Britain and Russia,with the Netherlands, Spain, Portugal, and France holding smaller possessions. .uc0560ca7cbdbba2b7fbd3da2e54c3204 , .uc0560ca7cbdbba2b7fbd3da2e54c3204 .postImageUrl , .uc0560ca7cbdbba2b7fbd3da2e54c3204 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc0560ca7cbdbba2b7fbd3da2e54c3204 , .uc0560ca7cbdbba2b7fbd3da2e54c3204:hover , .uc0560ca7cbdbba2b7fbd3da2e54c3204:visited , .uc0560ca7cbdbba2b7fbd3da2e54c3204:active { border:0!important; } .uc0560ca7cbdbba2b7fbd3da2e54c3204 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc0560ca7cbdbba2b7fbd3da2e54c3204 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc0560ca7cbdbba2b7fbd3da2e54c3204:active , .uc0560ca7cbdbba2b7fbd3da2e54c3204:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc0560ca7cbdbba2b7fbd3da2e54c3204 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc0560ca7cbdbba2b7fbd3da2e54c3204 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc0560ca7cbdbba2b7fbd3da2e54c3204 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc0560ca7cbdbba2b7fbd3da2e54c3204 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc0560ca7cbdbba2b7fbd3da2e54c3204:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc0560ca7cbdbba2b7fbd3da2e54c3204 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc0560ca7cbdbba2b7fbd3da2e54c3204 .uc0560ca7cbdbba2b7fbd3da2e54c3204-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc0560ca7cbdbba2b7fbd3da2e54c3204:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Importance Of The Byzantine Empire EssayBy 1850 the British controlled the entire Indian subcontinent, while Russiareached the Pacific in 1632, occupied Turkistan in 1750, and secured claimsto the Caucasus in 1828. Chinas experience in this period wasquite different. China traded with Europeans but confined them to a fewrestricted ports to discourage European expansion. In the mid-19th century,armed clashes between China and foreign powers forced China to grant tradeand diplomatic concessions. In Japan western trade stopped, with few exceptions,until an 1854 American mission secured a treaty opening relations. In establishing supremacy, the Europeancolonizers generally took a gradual approach. Requests for trade were followedby demands for forts and land. Advisers were then pressed on local rulers. The ultimate result was annexation and direct rule. The imperialists builtrailroads, roads, canals, and some schools. They invested in the economy,but most economic profits went abroad. By World War II (1939-1945), nationalismand socialism had spread among the Western-educated Asian elite, and movementsfor self-government and independence emerged everywhere. The training ofnative armies and the education of an elite prompted reform and modernization. For example, a revolution in 1911 ended the Qing dynasty in China. However,idealistic reformers were pushed aside, and during World War I (1914-1918)China disintegrated into warlord rule. A long civil war followed betweenthe nationalist Kuomintang and the Communists. Some nations managed to maintain theirindependence. Japan prevented foreign encroachment by rapid modernization. A victory over Russia in 1904 and 1905 boosted Japans international prestige. During the 1930s ambitious young military officers pressed for ultranationalistpolicies, which resulted in a buildup in arms and a Japanese colonial expansionin Manchuria, China, and Southeast Asia. World War II catapulted Asia intoworld prominence. India became a staging area for Allied forces, and theAllies occupied strategic areas in southwestern Asia to protect supplyroutes. The Allied victory in the war further stimulated Asian expectationsfor independence and modernization. By the end of the 1950s, militant independencemovements had largely ended colonial rule in Asia. Postwar rivalry between Communist and non-Communistideologies was part of the global contest between the USSR and the UnitedStates. Communism appealed to many Asians eager for independence, participatorygovernment, and social reforms. The victory of the Soviet-supported PeoplesRepublic of China over U.S.-backed Nationalist forces in 1949 was a majorCommunist triumph. In other locations, such as the Philippines, Malaysia,and Indonesia, Communist forces lost. Other ideological conflicts werefought in Korea, Indochina, and Afghanistan. No Asian country was untouchedby the confrontation between Communist and non-Communist ideologies. Inrecent years, economic and industrial expansion has transformed some Asianareas into world leaders in wealth and industrial output. Despite conflictingambitions and ideologies, and local problems, wide sectors of Asia in the1980s and early 1990s enjoyed economic growth, increased democracy, andimproved living standards!

Inspector calls attitudes towards women Essays

Inspector calls attitudes towards women Essays Inspector calls attitudes towards women Essay Inspector calls attitudes towards women Essay we can see within this time women conformed to the attitudes and actions of men. One example of this is when Mrs Birling states when youre married youll realise that men with important work to do sometimes have to spend all their time and energy on their business. Youll have to get used to that just as I had. From this speech the role of a women in this time period is clear, to abide by the mans business and ethics . On the other hand Sheila replies I dont think I will. A change of attitudes can be seen within the younger generation and furthermore in the way she reacts to the inspector. In addition whilst Gerald is confessing his affair with Daisy Renton he claims it was inevitable that she should become his mistress this shows a lack of respect for women in their own right and that they are objectified. Furthermore ,Sheila is seenas venerable and her parents wish to protect her from the truth. For example it is often said in the play Miss Birling ought to be excused. Moreover the family asked for Sheila to be excused from Geralds confession; this is ironic as she is the person who will benefit from listening the most as Sheila says your forgetting Im engaged to the hero of it . Despite this Sheila learns the value of honesty confessing to Gerald infact I respect you more than I did a few hours ago . Therefore it can be seen that women were seen as defenceless and that they needed guidance. Moreover ,by the end of the play Sheila gains independence from her parents she forms her own opinions and her own response in relation to the inspector. She becomes frustrated at her parents passionately stating that their pretending things are just as they were before . It is at this point that we can see the journey that Sheila has made from girl to women . Her positive role offers hope for women of the future as she is member of the younger generation . Finally, it can be seen that young men do not treat women with respect. For example Gerald claims it was inevitable that Daisy became his mistress, we learn of Aldernam Megarty notorious womanising and Eric got Daisy pregnant and tried to marry her. Despite this Daisy manages to uphold moral values for example she did not marry Eric as she did not love him as the text states she said she didnt love me and all that . Furthermore she did not accept stolen money . She also was a ring leader at Mr Birling works . This shows that despite being a woman and of the lower class she has managed to provide more areas of respectability than the entire Birling family who obtain positions for example the head of a charity. In conclusion, the view of women in this time period was very dim . They are often objectified and mistreated by men. On the other hand hope is offered in the form of Sheila and Eva Smith as both make strides in improving themselves and upholds moral values . However it has been proven that morality is not directly proportional to respectability as Mrs Birling is stuck in her ways and although occupies important role is not willing to feel guilt or take blame.

Discussion Board Reply Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Discussion Board Reply - Coursework Example It is clear from the study that employees not only look for organizations that care for their current welfare but also those that are concerned about the employees even after they leave the organization upon retirement. As such, establishing firm health insurance and retirement plans would attract more competitive and committed employees to the organization (Sharar, 2009). The study has helped me in understanding the various discretionary benefits that I can input within the organization’s compensation plan and merge with the pay policies towards ensuring that employees are not just retained within the organization but also motivated towards achieving high productivity. For instance, the employee assistance programs (EAP) would be effective in helping the employees solve any personal issues that they may have away from the workplace, which may negatively affect their performance (Martocchio, 2015). This would ensure that their focus and attention is fully directed towards their work. The study has helped me understand through creating a family setting within the organization, where the employee problems involving family, health, and education are effectively solved, the employees take up the ownership of the organization and thus ensure utmost commitment towards achieving both short-term and long-term goals of the organization. Courtois, P., Hajek, M., Kennish, R., Paul, R., Seward, K., Stockert, T. J., & Thompson, C. (2004). Performance Measures in the Employee Assistance Program. ,. Employee Assistance Quarterly, 19(3),

Discuss the Battle of New Orleans and Andrew Jacksons role in the Essay

Discuss the Battle of New Orleans and Andrew Jacksons role in the campaign and battle. Why was Jackson successful What impact did the battle have on the war On US politics - Essay Example Karsner states that Jackson believed that even if British troops completely seized victory in the region, they will have nothing left if the region was burned down (Karsner 240). Later Jackson stood victorious against the British army as he had a lot of time to develop his defenses against the British army. Americans learned great lessons from this event and this event changed the shape and mentality of the politics of US. The first effect witnessed by Americans was that Jackson was able to be a part of the Whitehouse and was able to pursue his belief that the farmers and agriculturalists living in America were not benefiting from purchasing manufactured output from Britain and secondly people living in US realized that if America was to develop, they cannot rely on other supreme powers such as great

Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift - Essay Example Arguments are presented to raise awareness about a trivial matter in a light-hearted manner and this is where the piece becomes important for its humorous worth. Such arguments do not lack force but refuse to impose views on others and this is what Suzanne Britt’s essay is all about. In a Modest Proposal, Jonathan Swift highlights the subject of poverty in Ireland in very harsh and satirical manner. It is important to understand that there is a very clear line dividing humor and satire and Swift’s work is not humorous in any way. His language is abrasive and there is little use of compassion. Even if logic is applied, it is twisted around which makes it appear like reversed logic. There is nothing mild about his essay and while his main purpose was to draw attention to the extremes of poverty in Ireland and the growing population problem, his solution might appear to be an attack against the government instead of a concern for societal good. Such themes were usually Swift’s favorites as Fox tells us, â€Å"Recurrent famine, widespread poverty and misery amongst the native peasantry, the failure to create a more self-reliant economy, and the landlords moral complacency are the principal targets of Swift's anger.† There is too much politics in the essay, which is one reason the essay cannot be truly enjoyed. No serious facts or statistics have been used and thus the essay lacks objectivity. With the kind of harshness he employed, statistics were definitely needed to support his case. In the contrast, we can use the example of Suzanne Britt’s essay, Neat people vs. Sloppy people. This essay has made good refreshing use of humor. The author has tried to attract attention to the differences between the attitude of neat and sloppy people and has employed humor with such ease and precision that every person would love this piece.

Strategic analysis of Nokia Corp

Strategic analysis of Nokia Corp 1.0 Executive Summary The following is the strategic analysis of Nokia Corp., which discusses the external and internal environment. The first part, external environment, presents the opportunities and threats along with the political, economic, sociocultural, and technological issues of the handset industry. It provides Porters five forces framework for the discussion of the attractiveness of the industry. The second part of the report analyzes the main strengths behind Nokias success and leading position as a handsets manufacturer. We proceed with the analysis of Nokias weaknesses which may impede on its ability to utilize the growth opportunities. We also make recommendations regarding Nokias strategy for US market, converged handsets market, and acquisitions. Owing to the complex and self-motivated environment, Nokia faces numerous strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. This report is to look for the best possible strategy of Nokia. Initially, the key strategic issues Nokia is facing today is acknowledged to be economy, technology, leading brand, scale, and number one market position based on the strategy analysis in Task A. Secondly, the imposing strategy that Nokia should take on is analyzed to be exhaustive growth strategy, and in particulars, the strategy options of Nokia today is illustrated to be cost leadership, differentiation, and focus strategy. Among which Nokia should select a combination of the cost leadership and differentiation strategy according to its brawny assets, low fixed cost, and elevated research aptitude. The paper also discusses the relationship between Nokia management style, climate and its organizational structure. Strategy can be defined as â€Å"the basic characteristics of the match an organization achieves with its environment.†[1] Owing to the complex and go-ahead environment, Nokia faces several strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. This article is to seek the optimal strategy of Nokia. The investigation is affirmed in the following ways. Firstly, the key strategic issues of Nokia are acknowledged based on the strategy analysis in Task A. Secondly, the strategy options of Nokia are analyzed by the competitive generic strategies theory which has been promoted by Porter. Thirdly, after the illustration of the competitive generic strategies, the optimal strategies will be proposed. 2.0 Section 1 Company Background Nokia was established in Finland in 1865. Owing to its digital insurgency starting from 1992 by introducing its first GSM model as well as the new formulation of the key essentials of its strategy by sending-off the old businesses and progressively more focus on telecommunications in 1994, it helps Nokia generate the basis for a triumphant conquer of the world telecommunication market. Till now, Nokia is by now the world leader in mobile communications, driving the growth of the broader mobility industry. Fulfilling an elementary human necessitates for social connections and contact by connecting people is the mission of Nokia. Currently, Nokia comprises four business groups that are mobile phones, multimedia, enterprise solutions and networks. Being the forge of the mobile communication market in the world enjoying about 30% share of the worlds mobile phone market, Nokia is abiding to discover innovative investment opportunity. Teaming up with the Sanyo Electric Corp. Which ranked the 10th world while to shape a shared endeavor, Nokia will carry on to be outrival and advance in the world telecommunication market. 3.0 Assessment of Strategies 3.1 Business Level Nokias trade level strategy is based on a cost leadership. Nokia has an outsized product portfolio which would gratify consumers all over the world. It strives to keep low costs for its products throughout firm costs management and economies of scale. Nokia utilizes strategic suppliers all over the globe to attain extremely modified subassembly apparatus which are used to generate its elevated tech savvy devices. 3.1.1 Tactics Market location: Nokia counts profoundly on its sales in key market regions. More than half of sales arrive from operations in Europe. Another vital market for Nokia is China, and, finally, Asia-Pacific region. 3.1.2 Defensive In order to go with iPhone and BlackBerry smartphones and protect its share in the converged handsets market, Nokia introduced 5800 touchscreen. As a consequence, after the first quarter of 2009, Nokias market shares in smartphones augmented by 3%. 3.1.3 Corporate level On the corporate echelon Nokia is cultivating a growth strategy. Its growth is obsessed principally by acquisitions and concentrated RD. During the past few years Nokia has been vigorously obtaining companies with new technologies and competencies, including besides investments in alternative positions. All of these acquisitions and investments were embattled to improve Nokias ability to assist form the Mobile World. 4.0 Section 2: Eliciting and Evaluating Strategy All companies have their way of identifying and commerce with these, their mainly decisive strategic question. Though, this process of managing emerging strategic issues is typically non-structured, not essentially optimally appropriate to facilitate the efficient identification of the most significant questions and the suitable allocation of top management attention and corporate aptitude support to answer the recognize strategic questions. In spite of the post research during 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s into the domain of strategic issues (SI), strategic issues management (SIM), and strategic issue management systems (SIMS) there is an insufficiency pertinent approaches for firms to use in improving their awareness focus and distribution in strategic issue management process. 4.1 Key Strategic Issues Face Nokia Nokia should concentrate more on the electrical market during the financial crisis era because the financial tumult has absolutely predisposed the global economy. A report of Nokia which exposes a lower mobile device industry outlook for fourth quarter of 2008 than the previous estimate of roughly 330 million units. Nokia acknowledges a tough time for telecommunication industry in 2009 symbolized by an anticipation of mobile device volumes turn down 5% or more from 2008 levels which exposed the immense concern of recession (Nokia Capital Markets Day, 2008). In short, the mobile device market has declined. From the market prediction it will constantly decrease. Such state of affairs is caused by consumers pull-back in spending, legal tender unpredictability, and decreased ease of use of credit from the slowdown of global economy. Especially, Nokia believes the incremental collision affects the emerging markets more other developed markets (Nokia Capital Markets Day, 2008). Technology is the soul of telecommunication industry which is the reason why the RD investment of Nokia in the year passed is EUR 5.6 billion (Company information, 2008). Smart phones, 3G mobile phones and environment friendly mobile phones are the substantiation of technology progressing in telecommunication industry. Nokia Research Center make-believe many new technology reflected by the forthcoming innovations as well as indoor positioning, location sensing, mobile journalism and so on (Upcoming innovations, 2008). The most important brand, scale and number one market position is the most noteworthy strengths of Nokia (Nokia Capital Markets Day, 2008). As the most well-known brand of mobile device supplier in the world, Nokia is the representation of quality. Consumers are comfortable with its devices and services. Nokias highly variable, low fixed business model gives it the opportunity to scale to a declining market (Nokia Capital Markets Day, 2008). The mobile communications industry is changing quickly, for instance, network plays a more and more significant part and the market articulations have been introduced and are still being familiarized (Annual report, 2007). Nokias sales and profitability are considerably exaggerated by the growth and success of the innovative market division, which needs a distant outlook and sympathy of the market. Nokia lost the market share of 3G mobile phones once owing to the neglect of the significance of network. On the contrary, Apple experiential the tendency and brought out iphone. Competition is extreme in mobile communications industry. To shun the collapse the company should progress its market standing, or become accustomed to the changes in the spirited scenery which is very imperative for Nokias strategic marketing design. Though Nokia has already been the top one in the mobile communications industry. The existing the pressure is from other telecommunication providers such as Samsung, Motorola. Moreover, as the rising importance of network in mobile communications industry, the entrance of network companies becomes an enormous anxiety. 5.0 Strategic Options 5.1 The Grand Strategy of Nokia Considering the SWOT analysis of Nokia, the grand strategy Nokia should accept is growth strategies. And among which, exhaustive growth strategy is deserve to be paid immense consideration in order to reinforce the competitive position of accessible products or services of Nokia such as devices, PCs and the amalgamation with the Internet (Nokia Capital Markets Day, 2008). 5.1.1 Competitive generic strategies In particulars, the competitive strategies lead the success in the marketing. The key attitude for a competitive strategy is how to build advantages in market competition. Cost leadership〠differentiation and focus are three competitive generic strategies (Porter, 1980, 1985). Three of them let companies to gain the profits over the average level of industry and form steady competitive recompense. 5.1.2 Cost leadership Strategy Nokia claims a cost reducing on its capital markets day at the end of this year. Nokia CFO, Rick Simonson emphasized that Nokia is practicing a cost reduction which is effective now and is continuing to keep the strategy for 2009 and 2010 ((Nokia Capital Markets Day, 2008). Nokia is always using a highly variable, low fixed cost business model. The balance sheet of 2007 gives us a clearer view of this. The fixed assets and other non-current assets are 8305 EURm, but the current assets are 29294 EURm (Annual report, 2007). Mobile phones are identical products if you do not call for multifunction except sending massages or making calls. Thus, the cost leadership strategy is possible to follow and the switching cost for customers of mobile telecommunication industry is very low, almost zero. So its rather easy for a customer to purchase another brand of mobile phone only for a lower price. One of the risk of adopting a cost leadership strategy maybe the simulation of competitors which guide to a price campaign and lower the gainful aptitude for the whole market. And the change of technology can dissolve the low cost benefit. 5.1.3 Differentiation Strategy Differentiation strategy means providing diverse products or services from competitors to attain competitive advantages focused on enormous market. Modern telecoms market is changing quickly, grows up rapidly, and compete fiercer than most other markets. So it is quite vital to keep competitive by maintaining up to date and spotlight on modernization. The marketplace is shifting all the time and the conventional mobile device industry is implicated with internet services, therefore, the products and services Nokia offers should be totally change (People management, 2008). Seeing this trend, Nokia amalgamated with Nokia Siemens Networks. 5.1.4 Focus Strategy Focus strategy is using the cost leadership or differentiation focus on certain customer group, regional market and product segment market. It often applies to medium and small enterprises which are not able to achieve cost leader and differentiation in the whole industry (Lynch, 2003). As for a leading company of mobile telecommunication industry, the focus strategy is not appropriate for Nokia. 5.1.5 Optimal Strategy According to the analysis above, Nokia should acclimatize a mixture of cost leadership strategy and differentiation strategy. Nokia has burly assets which craft the strategy is likely to carry out, and in the year passed total tangible assets are 33857 EURm (Calculated based on Annual accounts, 2007) comparing to 21777 EURm in 2006. Wherein, Property, plant and equipment amounts to 1912 EURm, Inventories is 2876 EURm, and accounts receivable is high to 11200 EURm (Annual account, 2007) Sometimes, an stress on cost leadership can perform as a shape of differentiation when the cost leadership strategy focused on providing value-oriented customers with products that are certainly value-for-money, relation to its competitors. And its guarantee is to help people sense close to what is imperative to them. Focusing on customers rather than the competitors is vital when deciding differentiation strategy. Several customers apprehension the design, quality or customer services of a company. Consumers needs are constantly what Nokia anxious the most. Continuous of innovation is critical in a company adopted differentiation strategy. Nokia put its priorities for 2010 in increasing Services Software and mobilizing customer email and consumer instant messaging for millions of Nokia product purchasers. 6.0 External environment and organizational audit 6.1 PESTEL (located in Finland) 6.1.1 Political and legal Finland has the steady economics and policies. Finland is exceedingly open to investment and free trade. Finland has peak levels of economics sovereignty in many areas, although there is a profound tax load and nonflexible job market. Finland has topped the patents per capita statistics, and overall efficiency growth has been brawny in areas such as electronics. The legal system is obvious and business bureaucracy less than most countries. Poverty rights are able-bodied confined and contractual agreements are severely honored (CIA World Fact book, 2007). From that, it is straightforward to see that Nokia can befall reputation because of the steady policies and economics of Finland, where head office of Nokia is situated. Moreover, Finland constantly tries to expand job market regulation. Finland increased job market regulation in the 1970s to offer steadiness to manufacturers. 6.1.2 Economic The global financial disaster exaggerated most companies all over the world. Constant economic downturn has unfavorable effects for Nokias business. Moreover, exchange rate fluctuations interrupt the repatriation of profits earned abroad. A change in incomes is definitely associated to Nokias sales. Nokias profits are contingent on the costs of their inputs, profits will likely decrease if the input increase. 6.1.3 Socio-cultural According to document searched, labor force had 2.68 million people in 2007. In labor force by profession, industry has 17.5% labor, finance, insurance, and businesses devices are 12%, and public services are 30.2% (CIA World Fact book, 2007). This statistic proves that income of end is higher than Europeans income. In addition, finish has elevated living situation. According documents, in 2006, there were 2,381,500 household of average size 2.1 persons; and approximately 92 percent has mobile phone (CIA World Fact book, 2007). Therefore, it is easy to see that this is immense market for mobile manufacturers as Nokia. 6.1.4 Technological Finland is extremely incorporated in the global economy, and global trade is a third of GPD. In a 2004 OECD assessment, high technology built-up in Finland ranked second biggest after Ireland (CIA World Fact book, 2007). Nokia realize that technology is really essential for their expansion so that they have slogan: 6.1.5 Environment Firstly, substance management means that they try to work closely and create the friendly environmental with their suppliers. Second issue is energy effectiveness, to make sure devices use as little energy as possible. Finally, it is to get back and recycling. They want to boost customer responsiveness of recycling, recommend better recycling in all markets and encourage the recycling of used devices through precise initiatives and campaigns (Nokia, 2008). 7.0 Nokia Value Chain An evaluation of Nokia value chain is displayed in Fig 7 based on work by Porter (2004: p.38), who describes it as: The linkages show how distinct key and supporting actions interrelate to generate value within the industry. 8.0 Section 3 Core Competence Core ability of Nokia is scheming and executing extensive term expansion programs employing core competence of interacting in-house and outside capability in conditions of Nokias name of the most victorious (Marshalls plan) and consistent global growth leader. This mixture of assets represents Nokia core competence since it could not be simply copied or imitated while meeting two theoretical situation of a resource-based potential formulated by Teece at al. (1997). Competitors cannot build up similar combination competences and capabilities promptly (Dierickx and Cool, 1986). â€Å"Nokias core competencies approach in three main fields mobile handsets, network technology and middleware. When deciding on the development and manufacturing of innovative products, speed is the serious factor in this quickly changing technological environment. For example, when deciding whether to work together on a product or software development, we will mull over if we are able to create the product alone fast enough and do we have the competencies to create it within a short time frame. If it is a core product, that is mobile telephony, Nokia will manufacture it internally because it is much well-organized and the finish product will also be of enhanced quality. But on the other hand if the new product is not within our capability and core product range, our next step will be to decide on the form of association or outsourcing with a company that can create it quick adequate. And if a new technology emerged and is not shaped by Nokia, Nokia will work together and subcont ract for the technology† (A manager at Nokia Group). 8.1.0 Example 1 In 2000 Nokia initiated SyncML a usual for universal of synchronising far-flung data and personal information crossways multiple networks, platforms and devices, while a range of companies sponsored for the standard. These companies comprise Ericsson, IBM, Lotus, Matsushita, Motorola, Operwave, Starfish Software, and Symbian whilst the technology is supported by frequent most important wireless companies. Outsourcing to external vendors however not a well-liked choice within Nokia and prior to 2002 is, this activity contributed only about 15 to 20 percent. 8.1.1 Example 2 Nokias two key core competences are GSM handsets assembling and the mainly wide-ranging distribution network building up. Early before 1998 in India, Nokia had mastered on designing GSM handsets. It had been the top one worldwide on making the paramount excellence and the most creative GSM handsets. Besides, it rolled out the distribution network by partnering with HCL ([emailprotected], 2007). The network now is the most extensive in Indian market and it at least involves over 90000 retailers to market Nokias handset over India, compared to Samsung, which is the third top handset seller in India and only has the distribution network that associate 35000 retailers (Rao, 2007). With these two core competence; Nokia had succeeded in creating a brawny charisma from zero ground between its rivals since 1997 (Datta, 2004). By looking within Nokias core competence, we see that Nokias in-house organization operation is too successful feature for supplementary it to govern handset market. It constantly at once adjusts itself to adjust any environment changes. In operating in early time in 1990s, being short of local a talent that was common. For avoiding lack of local talents, Nokia established an art studio and add program into Indian university to train locals and attract them work in Nokia (Pahwa, 2007). Further, for its auxiliary more intensely understand the Indian culture mechanism, it reduce the number of Finnish expatriate and boost the amount of hiring Indian as local managers. In addition, it also accomplishments to alter its shortage. For atoning for the short of technology that making CDMA handsets, it in 2004 established RD center for developing CDMA technology (Staff Writer, CNET News, 2004). Although it regained market share of CDMA in India from Samsung (Grinsven, 2003), the circumstances becomes worse in 2008. So far, they have held very little number of CDMA handset models. As a result, they lose the chance that work with Sprint and Verizon and thus they indirectly lose U.S. market (Gardiner, 2008). Their newest handset models- n96, n95, n85, n79, Nokia E series handsets, and typically Nokia 4 digit number of model dont support CDMA (http://www.Nokia.co.in/products). 9.0 Appendix 1 Strategic Evaluation Tools, Techniques Artifacts and applicability to Ladbrokes LBO business stream Positioning School BCG portfolio matrix (Henderson, 1979) Experience curve (Henderson, 1979) Game theory tools (Von neumannn and Morgenstern, 1944) PIMS (Buzzell et al., 1975) Porters 5 forces (Porter, 1980) Porters generic strategy model (GSM) (Porter, 1985) Strategic groups (McGee and Thomas, 1986) Value chain (Porter, 1985) 5 Forces: external environment exerts pressure over betting and gaming industry especially legislation and pure economies of scale. This is not a high velocity environment due to relatively slow moving changes in numbers of overall LBOs in the UK. Changes to legislation which govern the industry are also slow moving. It is a low knowledge intensive environment where key skills are concentrated in risk management and trading departments concentrated in Head office. Value Chain: value is created through use of financial resources and technological assets to add value to management of risk, store level efficiencies and customers experience in-store. Game Theory: The relaxation of the ‘demand test in the Gambling Act 2005 has allowed the key operators to play a strategic defensive/offensive ‘game with shop locations, thereby making it harder for smaller operators to compete in popular locations Strategic Groups there is some evidence to support the grouping of the three key operators in the UK betting industry: Ladbrokes, William Hill and Coral in a Strategic group as described by McGee and Thomas, 1986, given that strategic decisions Ladbrokes make, cannot be easily replicated by firms outside this ‘key operator group due to the nature of the regulatory environment and essential economies of scale required in the industry. Barriers to entry or ‘mobility barriers as described by Henderson and Thomas, are high. While in other industries, this could be considered an ‘oligopoly, it is not the case in the betting industry because the betting firms are primarily price takers, not price setters, therefore cannot control prices. Experience Curve: This does not primarily apply to the Betting industry because supply prices are fixed and are the same for all firms, resulting in no gain through a superior ‘experience curve. Other costs, however, could be less in firms with more experience, but some of these are costs levied by industry legislation and do not reduce over time due to the experience curve of individual firms. PIMS: Profit Impact on Market Share as described by Buzzell et al, provide some explanations for profit increases as a result of scale. The comparison of profitability between the three key operators demonstrates that market share will not deliver profitability in the betting industry unless they manage their financial resources and capital structures in an efficient manner. Note the similarities in operating margins based on similar gross margins, market share and market capitalization. Costs, including interest payments are potentially profit sapping in this industry, especially as products are homogeneous and supply price is fixed. Capability-building School Porters Value Chain See above Core competences (Prahalad and Hamel, 1990) Dynamic capabilities (Teece et al, 1997) Knowledge management (Nonaka and Takeuchi, 1995) RBV: Valuable, rare, inimitable and non-substitutable (Barney, 1991) Value chain (Porter, 1985) Sample of textbook schemata: Resources, capabilities and rents (Grant, 2002:153) Resources, competence strategic capability (Johnson and Scholes, 2002: 146) The contextual Not particularly relevant to the LBO operations due to low levels of environmental velocity and low Knowledge intensity (source for argument in main doc). RBV the analysis of Ladbrokes LBO operations suggests that advantage is primarily gained through greater financial resources. This is not a resource which meets the VRIO test as it is a fundamental economic and static resource and (arguably) easy to acquire. In terms of rent extraction this is down to leveraging scale to achieve higher value of margins through increase volume properly risk managed. Additionally, Ladbrokes display capabilities designed for sustainability, defensibility and ultimately market dominance. Core competences in general, there is little innovation required in the LBO business due to the homogeneous nature of the products and the economic structure of the pricing. Being a low knowledge intensity business, the tacit and intangible knowledge inherent in the definition of core competences further supports the lack of applicability of this concept in the LBO business. VRIO/Dynamic capabilities again, the contextual environment of low KI low EV reduces the need for Ladbrokes and other betting companies to be truly learning organisations or organisations creating dynamic capabilities which meet the VRIO characteristics and definitions. It could be argued that Ladbrokes do not create competences as defined by Prahalad and Hamel but possess a number of capabilities designed for margin protect and greater financial resources. High Velocity School Cycle-time reduction (Stalk, 1988) 7S Disruption: speed, surprise, shifting the rules, simultaneous and sequential thrust, signaling, strategic soothsaying, and stakeholder satisfaction (DAveni, 1994) Market disruption analysis (Bower and Christensen, 1995; Rigby, 2003) Patching flexible modular organizational design for rapid entry and exit of markets (Eisenhardt and Brown, 1999) Real options to negotiate favourable environments (McGrath, 1997)d Simple rules to facilitate speed and flexibility (Eisenhardt and Sull, 2001)e Time-pacing (Eisenhardt and Brown, 1998; Stalk, 1988) Delta model (Hax and Wilde, 1999) Ladbrokes operate in a low velocity environment with regards to LBO operations and these concepts are less appropriate for that contextual environment. Applicability would be more relevant in the ‘remote business operations: Internet Sportsbook and Exchange (see figure Core betting industry) however, there would still be imposed constraints on the velocity due to industry regulations. Complex ecosystem school Co-evolution (Eisenhardt and Galunic, 2000) Knowledge management tools Managing the system architecture (modular design, reward systems, team processes, strategic language) to ensure diversity and increase within-firm and extra-firm interactions (Eisenhardt and Galunic, 2000; Moore, 1993; Nahapiet, 2001; Pascale, 1999 and Stacey, 1995) Porters diamond (1990) explains ecosystem competitive advantage as complex interactions between co-evolutionary pockets (McKelvey, 1999 and Thomas, 1996) Real options and multiple scenarios to capture emergent learning in complex conditions (Bowman and Hurry, 1993, Copeland and Keenan, 1998, Luehrman, 1998 and Miller and Waller, 2003) Simple rules to condition system interactions (Eisenhardt and Sull, 2001, Macintosh and Maclean, 1999 and Sanchez, 1997) Supply chain integration and simplification (Levy, 1994, Harvard Management Update, 1999 Harvard Management Update (1999) And now: Complexity theory. Harvard Management Update, 4(3), 8-9.Harvard Management Update, 1999; Whiting, 2001) Labrokes does not primarily operate within a high knowledge intensive environment. While there is clearly are need for knowledge to flow from the wider bet-taking channels to Head Office to ensure adequate risk management, most of this information is done via the use of technology. It could be argued therefore that Ladbrokes core knowledge is concentrated in the central trading functions. In this context therefore, complex ecosystem theories are a less relevant strategic influence for the Ladbrokes LBO business. 9.1 Appendix 2 Competitors Analysis Ø LG LG is a Korea based company which provides ranges of mobile phone for customers to choose. Since its establishment, LG has evolved a lot according to the trend of mobile phone in Hong Kong. However, instead of putting all emphasis on 2-G GSM mobile phone, LG has put more focus on the 3-G mobile phone market and worked closely with the Hutchison Group, The 3 Hong Kong service provider, to provide high quality 3G mobile to customers. LG has used different means of marketing strategies including print advertisements, TV advertisements and celebrities to promote the products. Ø Motorola Motorola introduced the first mobile phone in Hong Kong in the 1980s Motorola emphasizes on the transformation of device formerly known as the cell phone into a universal remote control for life by adding more functions and innovations in the mobile phone. Motorola won the Asian Innovations Award by the technology of the product A668 with a â€Å"finger writing board† on the mobile phone, also, with the integration of the technology of iTunes ® by cooperation with Marc ®, Motorola launched the product ROKR E1. Motorola aims to be the leader in multi-mode, multi-band communications products and technologies. Ø Samsung Samsung provide a wide range of products for customers to choose from, including the 3G mobile phone, the MegaPixel Camera Phone, the Camera Phone and the Color Display Phone. No matter from the prime mobile phone of the latest 3 G mobile phone, Samsung provides choices for customers to deliver the desirable benefits and solutions for different customers. Ø Sony Ericsson Sony Ericsson has the mission to be the most attractive and innovative brand of mobile phone in the world. To achieve this goal Sony Ericsson integrated design into every step of the process intelligent features, user-friendly applications, innovative materials and attractive visual appearance. Design is the essential differentiator when comparing mobile communications products. The attractive good looking appearance and the sophisticated integration of technology has contributed to the success of Sony Ericsson, some products like W800i and W55